作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南农业大学农学院

出　　处： 《中国生态农业学报》 2010年第3期606-610,共5页

摘　　要： 为了筛选出适宜华南水稻减量化栽培的品种,明确其在减磷栽培条件下产量构成特点。本试验以常规优质稻"粤晶丝苗2号"、"桂香占"和杂交稻"华优8305"及超级杂交稻"天优998"为材料,研究了常规施磷肥(P2,过磷酸钙450.0kg·hm-2)、减量施磷肥(P1,过磷酸钙315.0kg·hm-2)和不施磷肥(P0,过磷酸钙0kg·hm-2)3个处理下水稻生育后期群体LAI、剑叶SPAD值、叶片老化指数、产量及其构成。结果表明:3个磷肥水平中,P0处理下"华优8305"因总粒数显著最高的优势而获得超高产;P1处理下"天优998"因有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率的优势而高产;P0、P1、P2对"桂香占"产量无显著影响,而P2处理下"粤晶丝苗2号"有效穗数和穗粒数表现出协同提高的优势而获得高产。可见,华南早晚兼用型常规稻"桂香占"和杂交稻"华优8305"适宜实施磷肥减量化栽培。此外,对不同磷处理下各水稻品种LAI、SPAD值及叶片老化指数的研究表明,水稻高产归功于齐穗后绝对值适宜的群体LAI、剑叶高且持久的SPAD值及较大的叶片老化指数等所塑造的后期功能型强"源"。 The main task of this study was to isolate suitable rice cultivars for early and late season cultivation in South China under reduced phosphorus fertilizer application and prove structural characteristics of rice yield.Four rice cultivars including two conventional fine grain quality rice cultivars （Vy：Yuejingsimiao No.2;Vg：Guixiangzhan）,a hybrid rice （Vh：Huayou 8305） and a super hybrid rice （Vt：Tianyou 998） were field-cultivated under 3 different super-phosphate application treatments （P0：0,P1：315.0 kg·hm-2 and P2：450.0 kg·hm-2,respectively）.Then population LAI,SPAD of flag leaf and leaf senescence index,yield and yield components of the rice cultivars were analyzed.The results show a significant super high yield in Vh as it has the highest per panicle grains under P0;and a significant high yield in Vt as it has a higher number of panicles,seed-setting rate and per panicle grains under P1.There is an insignificant effect of different levels of phosphorus application on Vg yield.Vy shows co-enhancement of effective panicle number and per panicle grains,obtaining significant high yields under P2.Therefore,among the rice cultivars for both the early and late season cultivation in South China,the conventional rice Vg,and the hybrid rice Vh are most suitable for reduced applications of both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.Analysis of rice LAI,SPAD and leaf senescence index after heading suggests that the suitable population LAI along with a consistently higher SPAD of flag leaves and higher leaf senescence index forms the strong functional ＂source＂ at the later growth stage for the high yield of rice population.

关 键 词： 水稻 早晚兼用型品种 减氮 减磷 水稻产量 叶面积指数 叶绿素 叶片老化指数

领　　域： [农业科学]