作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 东北大学资源与土木工程学院

出　　处： 《古地理学报》 2010年第2期127-139,共13页

摘　　要： 石炭纪生物礁在晚古生代礁体演化序列中处于特殊地位。石炭纪是生物礁地史演化过程中一个非常关键的时期,发育的生物礁类型有:(1)叶状藻礁丘;(2)叠层石礁丘;(3)珊瑚礁;(4)Waulsortian灰泥丘;(5)Chaetetes礁丘;(6)钙质微生物—藻礁丘。石炭纪生物礁总体上表现为礁相结构、造礁群落组成及礁体建造阶段的造礁作用相对比较简单,这些都体现出生物礁在石炭纪的发展受到生物灭绝事件的影响。在以藻礁占主导地位的宾夕法尼亚亚纪,中国后生动物骨架礁发育,尤其是发育有Fomitchevella大型珊瑚礁,成为世界石炭纪生物礁的一个亮点。从石炭纪整个生物礁的发展情况来看,后生动物骨架礁与以微生物和钙藻为主导的生物礁或许是两个平行发展的礁系统,后生动物骨架礁的发展在大规模生物灭绝事件之后有明显的演化滞后现象,以钙藻和微生物为主导的造礁群落的复苏在生物灭绝事件之后更为迅速。从石炭纪生物礁古地理分布来看,石炭纪生物礁基本上分布在南北纬30°之间的区域,因此,它们代表了在相对温暖的气候条件下生长的礁体,与现代珊瑚礁的分布相近似。 The Carboniferous reef hosts a special position in the Late Paleozoic organic reef evolution. The Carboniferous is a key period of the Phanerozoic reef evolution. There are mainly six common types of the Carboniferous organic reefs： （1） phylloid algal mounds, （2） stromatolic mounds, （3） coral reefs, （4） Waulsortian mud-mounds, （5） Chaetetes mounds, （6） microbial-algal mounds. The Carboniferous organic reefs are characterized by the relative simple reef facies texture, reef-building communities and reef building process. This indicates that the development of the Carboniferous organic reefs is influenced by the extinction event. The algal reefs are dominant in the Pennsylvanian, while the metazoan framework reefs develop well in China, especially large-scale Fomitchevella coral reef, which constitutes a bright spot in the development of the Carboniferous reefs. From the development of the Carboniferous reefs, the metazoan framework reefs and the reefs dominated by microbes and calcareous algae may be two parallelling evolution reef ecosystems. The development of the metazoan framework reefs after the extinction event reflects an obvious evolutionary lag time. The recovery of the reef-building communities dominated by microbes and calcareous algae became faster after the extinction event. According to the palaeogeographic distribution of the Carboniferous organic reefs, the Carboniferous organic reefs are mainly distributed in the range of 30 degrees north to 30 degrees south. Thus, it represents the Carboniferous organic reefs grow in the relative warm climate conditions and is similar to the distribution of modern coral reefs.

关 键 词： 生物礁 石炭纪 造礁生物

领　　域： [天文地球] [天文地球]