作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 南方医科大学药学院

出　　处： 《生命的化学》 2010年第1期12-17,共6页

摘　　要： 人类大脑由两类细胞组成:一类是神经元,另一类是神经胶质细胞。神经胶质细胞的数量约为神经元的10倍,但其作用长期以来一直被认为仅限于在神经元之间充当填充物,填满大脑中的剩余空间,同时为神经元提供营养。但近年来认识到神经胶质细胞的主要成员星形胶质细胞能够感知外界刺激,它的反应选择性甚至高于相邻神经元。神经元的反应活动很多都要经过星形胶质细胞的介导才能完成。本文介绍了星形胶质细胞在神经调制、突触调节和神经血管系统偶联方面的一些新进展,以期在不久的将来对星形胶质细胞的功能有更深入的了解,并能应用于临床实践。 The human brain is composed of two categories of cells, neurons and neuroglia. The number of neuroglia is about 10 folds of that of neurons, and the former is thought to only function as the support network and nutrient supplier for neurons. Recently, however, it is recognized that the main cell component of neuroglia, astrocytes, also can respond to external stimuli, and their sensitivity is even higher than that of the neighboring neurons. More importantly, it was found that astrocytes were involved in the reactivity of neuron. This review summaries the new advances in the study of the functions of astrocytes, including neuromodulation, synaptic transmission and neurovascular connection to provide insight of the function of astrocytes, and facilitate the chnical application.

关 键 词： 神经元 神经胶质细胞 星形胶质细胞 功能 脑血流

领　　域： [生物学]