作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华东师范大学生命科学学院

出　　处： 《生物多样性》 2010年第1期67-75,共9页

摘　　要： 为了揭示潮间带潮沟水域浮游动物的多样性,作者于2008年4–12月在崇明东滩选取6条潮沟共18个站点进行4个季节的浮游动物采样调查。检获到浮游动物44种,隶属于6个类群,其中桡足类占绝对优势,达总种类数的79.5%。分析了浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、群落结构及物种多样性等生态特征参数的季节变化。优势种有9种,春季以细巧华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus tenellus)优势度最高,夏季以火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)优势度最高,秋季以火腿许水蚤和中华华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)优势度较高,冬季则以四刺窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona etraspina)和中华华哲水蚤的优势度较高。多样性指数显示,Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)值以夏冬季较高,物种丰富度指数(d)值以夏秋季较高,Pielou均匀度指数(J′)值以冬季最高。与崇明岛附近的长江口北港北支水域已有的研究结果相比,种类组成差异较大,仅有6个共有种。浮游动物的生态特征与潮汐关系密切,涨潮时物种多样性略高于落潮时,涨潮和落潮时优势种的种类及优势度也均呈现出一定差异。盐度、温度、径流及潮流等环境因素对潮沟浮游动物的时空分布产生了重要影响。 In order to reveal the diversity of zooplankton in tidal creeks of the Chongming Dongtan intertidal flat,we sampled zooplankton at 18 stations in six tidal creeks during four seasons from April to December in 2008.The species composition,dominant species,community structure,and species diversity were recorded.A total of 44 species,belonging to 6 taxa,were identified.Among them,Copepoda were dominant,accounting for 79.5% of the total recorded species.There were nine dominant species.Sinocalanus tenellus was the most dominant species in spring,Schmackeria poplesia in summer,Schmackeria poplesia and Sinocalanus sinensis in autumn,and Sinocalanus sinensis and Limnoithona etraspina in winter.Shannon-Wiener indices（H＇） were higher in summer and winter,species richness indices（d） were higher in summer and autumn,and Pielou evenness indices（J＇） peaked in winter.Compared with data from North Channel and the North Branch of the Yangtze River Estuary,only six common species were found,demonstrating significantly different species composition.The ecological characteristics of zooplankton were also related to tide;species diversity was slightly higher during flood tide than ebb tide.In addition,the dominant species were different during flood and ebb tide.Environmental factors,such as salinity,temperature,runoff,and tidal current influenced the temporal and spatial distributions of zooplankton in tidal creeks.

关 键 词： 种类组成 优势种 群落结构 物种多样性 潮沟 浮游动物

领　　域： [生物学] [生物学] [农业科学]