作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 甘肃省农业科学院

出　　处： 《中国农业科学》 2010年第5期922-931,共10页

摘　　要： 【目的】探求不同覆膜方式对旱地农田土壤水温变化规律、降水高效利用和玉米产量的影响,以期高效利用和开发有限的自然降水资源。【方法】对6种覆膜方式下玉米关键生育期耕层土壤昼夜24h温度变化、0—2m土壤水分动态进行定位监测,结合作物产量分析农田水分利用效率。【结果】玉米苗期,垄膜沟播(包括全膜双垄沟和半膜双垄沟)能防止白天耕层土壤温度过度上升和晚上温度过度下降;灌浆期,耕层平均温度最低;整个生育期,耕层平均地温比露地高2.4℃;垄膜沟播能把小于5mm的无效降水转化为有效水分贮存于土壤中,提高降水利用率。在平水年份,全膜双垄沟玉米的产量和水分利用效率最高,较露地分别提高91%和85%;干旱年份,半膜双垄沟玉米的产量和水分利用效率最高,较露地分别提高34%和33%。【结论】垄膜沟播能调控土壤的水温条件,提高玉米水分利用效率。平水年全膜双垄沟增产效应最佳,干旱年半膜双垄沟增产效应较好,是旱作区进一步挖掘降水潜力和高产田创建的有效途径。 [ Objective ] The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of different plastic film mulching modes on the change pattern of the soil moisture and temperature, high-efficient utilization of precipitation resource and yield of dryland maize. [Method] Six plastic film mulching modes were compared to determine the change of topsoil temperature in day and night, the soil moisture dynamics in 0-2m depths at growth stages of spring maize, grain yield of maize and water use efficiency. [Result]The results showed that ridge film mulching and furrow seeding, including full plastic film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows （FFDRF） and half plastic film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows （HFDRF）, prevented topsoil temperature excessive rise at daytime and excessive drop at nighttime at seedling stage, mean temperature of topsoil was lower than other treatments at filling stage. The average topsoil temperature of ridge film mulching and furrow seeding increased by 2.4℃ in comparison with non-mulching in whole growth period. It promoted the transform of precipitation less than 5mm each time into available soil water resources, and improved rainfall use efficiency. In a normal precipitation year, the highest yield and water use efficiency of FFDRF respectively increased by 91% and 85% compared with non-film cover, in the dry year, the highest yield and water use efficiency of HFDRF respectively increased by 34% and 33% compared with non-film cover. [Conclusion] Ridge film mulching and furrow seeding could improve soil moisture and temperature, and increase water use efficiency. In a normal precipitation year, the yield-increasing of FFDRF was the best, and in the dry year, HFDRF was the best. They were effective ways to further exploit rainfall productive potential and create high-yielding fields in dry farming areas.

关 键 词： 玉米 农田水温变化 不同覆膜方式 水分利用效率 产量

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]