作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 复旦大学经济学院

出　　处： 《学术月刊》 2010年第1期55-66,共12页

摘　　要： 中国经济转轨的一个重要特征是国有企业始终保持一定的比重。改革前期,国有企业曾经为中国经济成功转轨作出自己的贡献,承担了中国经济转轨的成本,但同时它们也获得了各类金融资源的支持。20世纪90年代,现代企业制度的改革推进了国有企业的产权界定,剥离了国企的社会负担,国企与其他多种产权安排企业并存的局面在中国形成。2000年之后,在"抓大放小"的战略下,国有企业开始退出竞争性领域,其垄断程度不断上升,垄断利润大幅增长,造成劳动收入在国民收入中的比重不断下降,并导致中国经济内外结构非均衡。目前,中国经济发展所面临的巨大社保资金缺口和土地财政的不可持续性等诸多挑战,已经对新一轮的国企改革形成了"倒逼"机制。必须认真鉴别不同类型的国企,对处于垄断地位的国企,或通过政府规制,使它们的目标函数从追求"保值增值"转变为追求全民福利最大;或通过打破垄断,使民营企业进入该产业,提高效率。对于竞争领域的国企,进一步界定产权与增强激励,但同时必须将其获得的利润上缴国库,明确国有资产所得的用途,以提高全民福利水平。 The fact that State of Enterprises （SOE） always keep some propositions has became an important character in the process of China＇s economy transition. In the early stage of reform, SOE contributed a lot to the success of economy transition by bearing the large transition cost, simultaneously enjoyed policy support of financial resources. In the 1990s, the establishment of modern enterprise system has advanced the definition of property rights and stripped out the social burden from SOE, the state of many property right arrangements including SOE has shaped. After 2000, in the strategy of ＂catch big, let small go＂, SOE began to get out of the competitive fields, the monopoly degree of SOE has increased greatly, most of undistributed profit was kept in the SOE, which is the further reason of the decreasing proposition of labor share in GDP and in-out economic structure disequilibrium. Today, China confronts many challenges such as the huge gap of social security fund. the inconsistence of land fiscal.the great population moving to cities from villages, and so on, all these have formed a ＂reversed transmission＂ mechanism of the another round of SOE reform. We must identify different kinds of SOE carefully, for the SOE in the monopoly position, either change objective function from purchasing the ＂value hedge and increment＂ to ＂maximum of national welfare＂ by government regulation or let the private enterprises have access to the fields for the efficiency consideration by breaking monopoly. For the SOE in the competitive fields, further definition of property rights and motivation enhancement, in the meanwhile, SOE must submit its profit to the treasury and make clear specification of State-owned assets in order to increase the level of national welfare.

关 键 词： 国企垄断 结构失衡 倒逼机制 要素市场

领　　域： [经济管理]