作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 宁夏大学农学院

出　　处： 《西北农业学报》 2009年第5期167-175,共9页

摘　　要： 在宁夏不同地区进行了向日葵肥料田间试验，测试了其不同生育期和不同器官NPK养分含量及其干物质累积量，分析了宁夏食用葵和油用葵不同生育期氮、磷、钾养分的吸收特点。结果表明：在供试土壤条件下，施肥可明显提高向日葵干物质累积量、体内氮、磷、钾含量及其累积量。不论施肥与否，食用葵和油用葵干物质累积量随生育期均呈“S型”曲线增长，其干物质累积高峰期均在现蕾期至开花期。植株体内氮、磷、钾含量在不同生育期变化较大，但总体趋势是生育前期高于后期，随生育期延长其含量呈下降趋势。食用葵和油用葵各器官吸收氮、磷、钾的量有一定差别，食用葵整个生育期各器官中总吸氮量依次为：叶〉茎〉籽〉盘；磷为：籽〉叶〉茎〉盘；钾为：茎〉叶〉盘〉籽；油用葵各器官中总吸氮量依次为：叶〉籽〉茎〉盘；各器官中总吸磷、钾量的大小与食用葵一致。食用葵吸氮高峰期为现蕾期至开花期，吸磷、钾的高峰期在开花期；油用葵吸氮、钾高峰期在现蕾期、吸磷高峰期在开花至成熟期。在供试条件下，食用葵每形成100kg籽粒约需吸收氮（N）3．8～4．9kg，磷（P2O5）1．5～2．1kg，钾（K2O）8．9～10．3kg；油用葵约需吸收氮（N）3．5～4．6kg，磷（P2O5）1．6～2．1KG，钾（K2O）6．9～9．2kg。 The sunflower fertilizer field experiment was conducted at different places in Ningxia to investigate its nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content and dry matter accumulation at different growth stages and different organs and to analysis the characteristics of N, P and K uptake at different growth stages of confectionary sunflower and oilseed sunflower in Ningxia. The results showed that application of N,P and K fertilizers remarkably increased weights of dry matters,N P and K contents and accumulates. Whatever fertilization levels, dry matter accumulate increased with the growth stage and showed a typical S-shape,The peaks of dry matter accumulation occurred at budding to blooming stages. The contents of N,P and K in plants in a lager changes at different growth stages,but the overall trend is higher than the late pre-reproductive,the contents falling off with growth stages. The amount of N,P and K absorption in confectionary sunflower and oilseed sunflower are different,the absorption of N in various organs of whole growing stage in confectionary sunflower was： leaf 〉 stem 〉 seed 〉 disk;P was： seed 〉 leaf 〉 stem 〉 disk; K was： tem〉 leaf 〉 disk 〉 root. The absorption of N in various organs of whole growing stage in oilseed sunflower was. leaf 〉 seed stem〉 disk; the absorption of P and K in various organs are same of confectionary sunflower. Budding to blooming stages was the highest absorbed stages in N of confectionary sunflower,P and K were blooming stage. The absorption of N,K peak in the blooming stage,P was blooming to maturity stage of oilseed sunflower. Under all experimental condition, producing every 100 kg seeds of confectionary sunflower needed 3.8-4.9 kg N,1.5-2.1 kg P205 and 8.9~10.3 kg K2O. Producing every 100 kg seeds of oilseed sunflower needed 3.5~4.6 kg N,1.6~2.1 kg phosphorus P2O5 and 6.9~9.2 kg potassium K2O.

关 键 词： 向日葵 食用葵和油用葵 干物质积累 氮磷钾养分 吸收

领　　域： [农业科学]