作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院地理信息科学教育部重点实验室

出　　处： 《环境科学》 2009年第8期2241-2247,共7页

摘　　要： 以上海中心城区为例,定点采集地表灰尘、径流悬浮物、雨水口和河流沉积物,探讨重金属在地表灰尘-降雨径流系统中的环境行为及其生物有效性变化.研究表明,研究区域地表灰尘重金属浓度高于上海土壤背景值,其中Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu高出5-7倍,Cr和Ni高出2倍,径流非点源污染Pb、Cr和Ni贡献较大,Cd、Cu和Zn污染程度较轻.多介质赋存形态研究表明,重金属生物有效性依次为Zn〉Ni〉Cd〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr.其中Cr、Zn和Cu在4种介质中分别以残渣态、碳酸盐态和有机态为主;Ni地表灰尘以残渣态为主,其它3种介质以碳酸盐态为主;Cd地表灰尘以有机态为主,径流悬浮物以非稳定形态为主;Pb在迁移过程中主导形态由铁锰结合态变为有机态.非稳定形态（F1＋F2）在径流悬浮物组分中占有最高比例,6种重金属迁移比率平均值为1.74,说明从地表灰尘到径流颗粒物,重金属生物有效性明显升高,径流水体毒性和潜在生态效应值得关注;雨水口和河流沉积物残渣态含量较高,成为重金属在城市地表环境迁移的蓄积库. A sequential digest was used to examine the speciation of particulate-associated heavy metals in multi-media environment of surface dust and rainfall-runoff system. Within the Shanghai central district, different environment medium in four sites were sampled including street dust, runoff suspended particles, gully pot sediment and river sediment during April 2006. The result shows that in the study area, heavy metal concentrations of surface dusts are significantly higher than the Shanghai soil background values and the nonpoint runoff pollution of Pb, Cr and Ni are serious while Cd, Cu and Zn pollution degree relatively light. In the multi-media transport process, the order of heavy metal bioavailability is Zn 〉 Ni 〉 Cd 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Cr. For Cr, Zn and Cu, the dominated chemical forms of the four different environmental media remain the same phase of residual, carbonates and organic fractions respectively. For Ni, the main fraction of surface dust is associated with residual form, while the other three media become associated with carbonate fractions. For Cd, the surface dust is mainly associated with carbonates, while runoff particles mainly with labile fractions. The dominated chemical form of Pb also changes from Fe/Mn oxides phase to organic phase. Tile runoff particles contain the highest percentage of the labile fraction （F1 ＋ F2）, and the mean value of transporting ratio of the runoff suspended particles equals to 1.74, indicating that in urban runoff water, the high bioavailability of the heavy metals and the potential toxicity effect deserves our attention greatly. In gutter inlet and rivers deposit components, the low percentages of the labile fraction and the higher content of residual fraction reduce the environmental risk of the heavy metals and act as the sink of these elements.

关 键 词： 重金属 地表灰尘 降雨径流系统 多介质环境 生物有效性

领　　域： [环境科学与工程]