作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系高分子科学研究所

出　　处： 《高分子通报》 1998年第1期65-72,共8页

摘　　要： 介绍超临界二氧化碳流体作为介质在高分子合成与制备中的研究进展。文中表明，可在超临界二氧化碳中实施氟代单体的自由基溶液聚合、甲基丙烯酸甲酯的分散聚合、丙烯酸的沉淀聚合、丙烯酰胺的反相乳液聚合以及异丁基乙烯基醚的阳离子聚合等多种聚合反应，可用超临界二氧化碳溶胀聚合法制备梯度共混物。此外，超临界二氧化碳还可用于聚合物分级和聚合物微孔、微纤与微球材料的制备等，显示出超临界二氧化碳是一种对环境无污染且价廉的替代溶剂。 This review article summarizes the polymer preparation and processing that have been carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide.As will be shown,a number of polymerization reactions,such as the homogeneous freeradical polymerization of flourinated monomers,the dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate,the precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid,the inverse emulsion polymerization of acrylamide and the cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether,can be conducted in supercritical carbon dioxide.Polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide swollen polymers can be used to prepare polymer blends with composition gradients.Moreover,supercritical carbon dioxide have been applied in the fractionation of polymers,the formation of porous polymers,and the preparation of polymer submicron fibers and particles.These reports strongly indicate that there is great potential for preparing a wide range of polymers in this enviromentally sound and enexpensive reaction medium.

关 键 词： 超临界二氧化碳 高分子合成 溶剂 聚合反应

领　　域： [化学工程]