作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (张惠潼）;

机构地区： 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

出　　处： 《环境工程学报》 2008年第12期1698-1704,共7页

摘　　要： 为了全面评价淮河闸坝与污染对淮河水生态的影响,必须首先对水生态现状有一个全局的认识。从淮河流域全局出发,通过对淮河典型河段的水生态和水环境进行现场调查与室内分析,对流域内水生态环境现状进行了综合评价。采用生物学指数与水生物指示环境结合的方法评价水体污染程度、生态系统稳定性与河流/水库的健康程度。评价结果表明:(1)颍河中下游地区与沭河中下游地区水生态系统脆弱,河流多处于病态;(2)涡河付桥闸、东孙营闸到蒙城闸段水生态系统不稳定,河流不健康,但下游河段水生态有自恢复迹象;(3)洪汝河河流多处于亚健康状态,水生态环境自修复能力较强;(4)淮干水生态环境质量的突变点在临淮岗,上游较好;(5)西部、南部山区水库水生态环境质量最好;(6)整个流域水生态质量西高东低,南高北低;优劣顺序为:西部、南部山区>洪汝河水系>涡河中下游地区>颍河、沭河中下游地区。建议枯水期加大淮干以南及上游山区水库的下泻流量,保持河道畅通和一定流速,提高水体自净能力,同时控制颍河、涡河上游污染物的排放,联合调度水量与水质,淮河水生态得以修复。 The aquatic ecology and environment of the Huai River basin were evaluated and analyzed. The approach adopted is a method of biological indices combined with aquatic-organism-indicating environment. The evaluation results in monitoring sections show that： （1） the aquatic ecological systems in the middle and lower reach of both the Ying River and the Shu River are fragile, river health has been affected seriously; （2） the aquatic ecological system structure in the of the Guo River section from the Fuqiao Sluice and the Dongsunying Sluice to the Mengcheng Sluice is unstable, and the river health degree is low, but there are some symptoms for aquatic ecology system retrieval; （3） river-sections＇ aquatic ecological systems in the Hongru River have the ability to repaire themselves; （4） there exists an abrupt point for aquatic ecology system quality, in the upstream of which there has a good ecology quality; （5） the aquatic eeo-environment qualities in the reservoirs in the western and southern mountain areas are the highest; （6） the aquatic ecology and environment quality （from high to low） is： that in the west and south mountain areas （the best region） , in the Hongru River, in the middle and lower reaches of the Guo River, in the middle and lower reaches of the Ying River and the Shu River （the worst region）. It is advised to increase discharges from the upstream Huai River, into downstream in the dry season to keep a certain instream flow velocity, meanwhile control pollutant emission from upstream of Ying River and Guo River-in this way, aquatic ecology may be repaired gradually.

关 键 词： 淮河 水生态环境评价与分析 生物学指数 水生物指示环境

领　　域： [环境科学与工程]