作　　者： ;

机构地区： 上海社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处： 《兰州商学院学报》 2008年第5期1-16,共16页

摘　　要： 毛泽东在长期的革命斗争中,在批判历史唯心主义的人口论过程中,形成了以"人是第一可宝贵的"和"革命加生产即能解决吃饭问题"两个命题为中心内容的人口思想。毛泽东人口思想集中体现了马克思主义唯物历史观和经济决定论的人口理论精髓。新中国建立以后,毛泽东探索社会主义革命和建设规律的过程,也是全面实践自己人口思想的过程。在党和毛泽东的领导下,中国人民用不长的时间就基本解决了美国政府曾经断言解决不了的吃饭问题。与此同时,党和政府在包括婚育方面在内的我国社会各个领域实行了一系列的社会改革,明确规定婚姻自由和节育自主都属于人民的民主权利。和工业现代化建设相适应的许多社会改革,极大地推动了我国经济社会的发展。但是,毛泽东在和平建设时期也企图采取群众运动的方式实现落后国家的经济发展和跨越,甚至把新建立的国家政权当作革命对象,相继提出"不断革命论"和"无产阶级专政下继续革命"的理论,则属于滥用有关人民性和"革命加生产"的唯物历史观的人口思想,都严重地损害了社会生产力的发展。在我国"一五"计划顺利实施的背景下,毛泽东还产生过像生产计划那样实行生育计划的设想。但是,由于这一思想与革命年代形成的唯物历史观的人口思想直接发生冲突,所以,毛泽东在修改和公开出版《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》这一重要著作时,最终放弃了由政府实施计划生育的思想。虽然在其逝世前都未曾认识到计划体制给我国社会发展带来的巨大困难,但是,在长达20年的时间里,毛泽东既没有公开发表过自己有关人口和计划生育的论述,也未设置他提出的计划生育的政府机关。 Mao Zedong＇s thoughts on population,emerging in long-term revolutionary struggle,the central content of which are the two arguments,＂Human being is the foremost valuable wealth＂ and ＂The problem of food stuff demand can be solved through resolution and production＂,are based on the criticism of historical idealist population theory.It is the concentrative reflection of materialistic view of history of Marxism and the essence of population theory of economic determinism.After the establishment of new China,Mao Zedong applied fully his population thoughts to practice in the course of exploring China＇s rules of socialist revolution and socialist construction.Under the leadership of Mao Zedong,in a relatively short period of time,Chinese people fundamentally solved the problem of foodstuff demand,which couldn＇t be settled according to the American government affirmation.Meanwhile,the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese government carried out a series of social revolutions in various fields of life and work,and stipulated explicitly the rights of matrimonial freedom and family planning freedom belonging to people.Many social revolutions,adapting to the industry modernization,greatly promoted the development of Chinese social economy.However,in the period of peace and construction,Mao Zedong attempted to achieve the leap-forward economic development in the backward country through the method of mass campaign.He regarded the newly built regime as a target of the revolution,and successively put forward the theory ＂Non End Revolution＂ and the erroneous theory ＂Continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat＂.He abused the historical materialistic population thoughts on hurmanity and ＂Revolution and Production＂,and his erroneous population thoughts also did grave damage to the development of the social productivity.In the context of First Five-Year Plan carried out smoothly,Mao Zedong put foreword the thought of planning birth looks like the production planning.However,becau

关 键 词： 毛泽东人口思想 唯物历史观 节制生育 计划生育

领　　域： [哲学宗教]