作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所

出　　处： 《化学进展》 2008年第10期1553-1561,共9页

摘　　要： 针对一些有机物的超临界水气化(SCWG)制氢过程,分别概述了模型有机物如葡萄糖、甲醇、纤维素、木质素、生物质和有机废物/水的影响因素、中间产物及反应路径;分析了均相催化剂如碱、碱金属盐和非均相催化剂如ZrO2、活性炭、贵金属、过渡金属的催化气化效率及催化机理,并指出非均相催化SCWG过程是SCWG技术的重要发展方向;对SCWG制氢过程热力学进行初步的讨论;简要介绍了目前世界上的3套SCWG制氢中试装置的运行情况,提出SCWG过程工业化应用的难点及未来技术的发展方向。 Hydrogen can be obtained from organic compounds by supercritical water gasification （SCWG）. In this paper, the influence factors, intermediates and reaction pathways of glucose, methanol, cellulose, lignin, real biomass and organic waste/wastewater by SCWG are summarized. The effect of catalysts such as alkali, alkali metal salts, ZrO2, activated carbon, noble and transition metal on gasification efficiency and gasification mechanism is illustrated and which is suggested that the study of heterogeneous catalytic reaction is very important for the development of SCWG. The thermodynamics of SCWG is analysed, the difficulty for scale-up of SCWG is discussed and three pilot-scale SCWG units in the world are introduced. The research trends in SCWG are proposed.

关 键 词： 超临界水 气化 制氢 催化

领　　域： [理学] [理学] [化学工程]