机构地区: 华南农业大学
出 处: 《福建果树》 2008年第2期1-3,8,共4页
摘 要: 以3~4年生阿蒂莫耶番荔枝为试材,研究了授粉方法、花瓣开张程度和花药裂开时间对坐果的影响。结果表明,花药在傍晚自然裂开的花,其花粉在当天上午8时,花瓣呈超过半张开状态时,就已发育成熟,上午或下午人工提取这些花粉来进行授粉能提高坐果率。从花药自然裂开前2d到自然裂开前4h(相当于花瓣呈微张开到超过半张开状态),雌蕊都具有容受性,这期间进行人工授粉能提高坐果率,但以花药自然裂开前1d(相当于花瓣呈半张开状态时),雌蕊容受性最强,人工授粉坐果率最高。上午或下午,从花药要到傍晚才自然裂开的花上人工提取花粉,授在花瓣呈半张开的花上,授粉后2周的坐果率分别为71.1%~76.0%和72.0%-78.4%,显著地高于自然授粉的坐果率(6.7%)。 With 3- 4 - year - old Annona atemoya Hurt. as experimental materials, effects of different pollination ways, degree of petal dehiscence and anther dehiscent time on hand - pollination were studied. The main results were as follows. Although the anthers dehisced totally at night, their pollens had already been matured when the petals were over half - opened at 8:00 am. Therefore, hand - pollination either in the morning or afternoon with this kind of pollens could increase fruit set. The highest fruit set percentage was obtained when hand - pollination was done in one day ( at the stage of half opened petals) before the anthers naturally dehisced. Hand -pollination could increase fruit set from 2 days to 4 hours (at the stage of tiny dehiscent petals to over half- opened petals) before the anthers naturally dehisced. The pistil compatibility was strong and fruit set percentage with hand - pollination was the highest one day before the anthers naturally dehisced ( at the stage of half - opened petals). The fruit set percentages were 71.1% -76. 0% and 72. 0% -78. 4% respectively with hand - pollination either in the morning or afternoon two weeks after pollination, which were significantly higher than that of natural - pollination ( 6.7% ).