作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 中山大学地理科学与规划学院旅游发展与规划研究中心

出　　处： 《人文地理》 2008年第3期1-6,91,共7页

摘　　要： 旅游是促进发展中国家或地区资源资本化的有效途径之一。利用丰富的旅游资源吸引发达地区的资本,实现资源向资本的转化,就成为现阶段中西部地区地方政府重要的经济发展政策。本文通过对西部A地旅游招商引资的案例分析,指出在我国旅游业招商引资过程中,由于东道地区与投资者的权力关系不平等,信息不对称以及地方官员绩效考核制度不合理等因素的存在,投资者的投资行为往往会演变为一种制度性机会主义行为。不但使地方政府引进外部资本发展旅游的努力达不到预期的效果,反而将为此支付高额的社会成本,加剧不发达地区的资源和财富向发达地区回流和集中。文章对于招商引资中投资者与地方之间不平等的权力关系结构进行了深入剖析,指出有必要变更当前旅游景区开发中普遍存在的租赁经营制度为股份制制度,或对投资者征收财产税,以遏制这种投资机会主义的蔓延。 Tourism is one of the effective tools to facilitate the transformation of unvalued resources into capital goods. For this reason, most underdeveloped areas in western China have made preferential policies to encourage the outer investors to invest into local tourism industry. Using qualitative research method and through on-site research, this paper studied the whole process of an eastern enterprise investing into a western destination＇s tourism development and measured the benefits and costs of the enterprise. The typical case showed that in the process of business and investment promotion in western areas, the outer investors always had motivations to take opportunistic behaviors to obtain favorable policies and excessive profits such as bargaining with the local government, intentionally faking the amount of investment or rent-seeking. As a result, tourism investment did not necessarily act as a developing agent. Instead, investors dominated the tourism industry in the host area which led to the repatriation of large amount of tourism yields. Under this circumstances, tourism did not help to balance the original spatial socio-economic inequality between developed and developing areas but facilitated the concentration of the metropolitan economy and even reinforced spatial uneven economy. From the viewpoint of institutional economics, this paper pointed out that it was due to the unequal power relationship between outer investors and host regions and institutional faultinesses in our transformation economy such as information asymmetry, lack of monitor and the unreasonable merit system for the officials that led to the investor＇s opportunistic behaviors. Therefore, there needs to improve our policies and institutions to stop the investors＇ institutional opportunistic behaviors, in order to guarantee the host areas might benefits a lot from tourism development. Among them, three means are critical： First, reforming the official merit system from the GDP to the welfares of local people; second, le

关 键 词： 招商引资 旅游发展 制度性机会主义

领　　域： [经济管理] [经济管理]