作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南农业大学园艺学院广东省广州市果蔬保鲜重点实验室

出　　处： 《中国蔬菜》 2008年第6期13-16,共4页

摘　　要： 从广东省广州、增城采收辣椒,在常温(25℃)贮藏条件下观察辣椒采后病害的发生情况,测定采收时无病害症状的辣椒组织中病菌的潜伏侵染率。结果表明:辣椒采后在25℃下贮藏,发生的病害有果腐病(Fusarium sp.)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、软腐病(Erwinia carotovora)、黑斑病(Alternaria alternata)、疫病(Phytophthor acapsici)、灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea),且5d后开始表现病害症状。其中果腐病、炭疽病、软腐病是辣椒采后的主要病害。辣椒采后病害主要从果柄部位开始发生,向果蒂和果身部位扩展,最后引起整个辣椒果实腐烂。辣椒果柄、果蒂是带有潜伏侵染菌较多的部位,从果柄、果蒂组织中分离出的病菌有炭疽病、链格孢菌、镰刀菌、灰葡萄孢菌和欧氏杆菌,从果身组织中只分离出炭疽菌、链格孢菌和欧氏杆菌。伤口是辣椒采后病害病原菌侵入的主要通道,伤口接种的处理发病率高,无伤口接种的处理不发病。剪除果柄可明显减轻辣椒采后病害的发生,提高辣椒的贮藏效果。 In order to study the occurrence of post-harvest diseases of pepper,the fruits collected from Guangzhou and Zengeheng were stored at room temperature （25℃ ） and detected the latent infection rates and pathogenic ability of pathogens. The results showed that Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium sp., Alternaria alternata, Phytophthora capisici,Botrytis cinerea and Erwinia carotovora were detected on the post-harvest fruits stored at 25 ℃ for 5 days. Among these diseases,the diseases caused by C. gloeosporioldes, Fusarium sp. and E. carotovora were the major diseases. Most of the latent pathogens presented in the fruit-stalks and fruit-pedicels. The disease initially started in fruit-stalks. Subsequently, the pathogens extended to the fruit-pedicels and the fruits, and finally caused the fruit rot. The experiment of artificial inoculation indicated that the pathogens were infected fruits mainly through wounds. The rate of infection by wound inoculation was higher than that by the inoculation without wound, and the occurrence of post-harvest diseases was obviously decreased after removing pepper fruit-stalks.

关 键 词： 辣椒 潜伏侵染 采后病害

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]