作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华中农业大学水产学院

出　　处： 《热带海洋学报》 2007年第6期52-57,共6页

摘　　要： 为了解我国养殖九孔鲍Haliotis diversicolor supertexta的遗传多样性和遗传结构,用RAPD技术对我国福建、广东和海南的九孔鲍5个养殖群体进行了遗传变异分析。12条引物共扩增出141条清晰稳定的条带,大小范围为0.2—2.4kb,其中多态性条带97条,多态位点比例为68.8%。基因多样性介于0.210±0.193与0.247±0.187之间,平均为0.224,各群体间没有显著差异。聚类分析表明,福建东山群体和广东惠来群体亲缘关系最近,聚为一支;深圳、湛江和三亚群体亲缘关系较近,聚为另一支。群体间遗传距离介于0.062与0.135之间,福建东山群体与广东惠来群体间遗传距离最小,惠来群体与深圳群体间遗传距离最大。群体间FST值介于0.176与0.326之间,随机组合检验表明,群体间遗传分化已经达到显著水平,但东山和惠来与深圳、湛江和三亚2组之间遗传分化不显著。较高的遗传多样性水平表明近年来九孔鲍大规模死亡事件可能与遗传多样性并无直接相关,而较高的遗传多样性有利于遗传选育。不同地方群体间的显著分化表明,各地方群体应分别作为单独的"管理单元(management unit)"进行遗传资源管理,群体之间的移植应严格监管。 To understand the genetic characterization of cultured abalone stocks in South China, genetic variation of five hatchery-produced populations from abalone farms of Dongshan （Fujian Province）, Huilai, Shenzhen and Zhanjiang （Guangdong Province）, and Sanya （Hainan Province） was studied using RAPD markers. Totally 141 bands were amplified among 172 individuals of the five populations using twelve random primers screened from 34, ranging from 0. 2 to 2.4 kb. The proportion of polymorphic loci （P） was 68.8%. Gene diversity within populations （H） ranged from 0. 210±0. 193 to 0. 247±0. 187 with a mean value of 0. 224, but the values were not significantly different from each other as revealed by Student＇s t test. The UPGMA tree showed that Dongshan and Huilai populations had the closest genetic relationship and clustered into one group, while Shenzhen, Zhanjiang and Sanya populations clustered into another. Dongshan and Huilai had the lowest genetic distance （0. 062） while Huilai and Shenzhen populations had the largest （0. 135）. Pairwise FST values ranged from 0. 176 to 0. 326, and random permutation test indicated that genetic differentiation was significant between each pair of the five populations. Genetic differentiation between the two groups, namely Dongshan-Huilai group and Shenzhen-Zhanjiang-Sanya group, was not significant as revealed by AMOVA. High level of genetic diversity revealed in the present study suggested that the mass mortality of abalones occurred in recent years maybe not be associated with genetic diversity level, and that genetic selection can benefit from the cultured stocks. The significant differentiation suggested that each of the five populations can be treated as an independent ＂management unit＂ in genetic resource management. Thus transplant of cultured populations should be closely monitored.

关 键 词： 九孔鲍 遗传多样性 遗传分化 养殖种群

领　　域： [生物学] [生物学] [生物学]