作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南师范大学教育科学学院心理学系

出　　处： 《心理学报》 2007年第4期602-610,共9页

摘　　要： 采用学习探测模式和回指解决相结合的研究范式,探讨情境模型中空间距离的心理表征问题。实验1分离几何距离和类别距离,探讨类别距离对回指解决的影响。结果表明,在控制几何距离的条件下,读者采用由房间数目体现的类别距离信息建构情境模型;实验2进一步探讨几何距离的作用,结果发现,类别距离信息相同的条件下,读者在情境模型中表征几何距离信息。研究表明,类别距离和几何距离分别对空间情境模型的回指解决产生独立影响。 Most researches agree that readers can build situation models of the information described by texts. The spatial dimension of situation model has been explored most often. Anaphora resolution is an important way to explore the representation of spatial distance in text reading. First, participants learn the layout of a building which contains several objects in different rooms, and then read narratives describing motions of the protagonist in this building. A motion sentence tells how the protagonist moves from one room to another. A target sentence including a definite noun phrase follows the motion sentence. The definite noun phrase refers to an object in the building, and this anaphor - like phrase will cause a memory search. Researchers have found that anaphora resolution depended on the spatial distance between the reader and the object. But there are two kinds of spatial distances： category distance and metric distance. The former is the number of rooms and the latter is the length of them. Most of the past studies used the number of rooms to represent distance, and did not take the length of them into consideration. Which distance caused the spatial gradient in reading times？ Several studies had been conducted to explore this problem, but all of them could not give a satisfactory explanation. In this article, anaphora resolution was taken as a technique model to explore the representations of spatial distance in text reading, Moving window method was used in our study. We hypothesized that both the category distance and metric distance could be represented by readers during reading, and they might produce independent influences on anaphora resolution. Sixty - six university students took part in these two experiments. All of the participants learned the layout for about twenty minutes first, and then drew it by memory. If there were more than three mistakes, they had to learn the layout again. At last, we asked them three questions about the layout. If all of these questions were answered correctly,

关 键 词： 文本阅读 回指解决 类别距离 几何距离 情境模型

领　　域： [哲学宗教] [哲学宗教]