作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华中农业大学

出　　处： 《水生生物学报》 2007年第1期30-38,共9页

摘　　要： 本研究建立了一种虾、鱼、贝、藻优化养殖结构及水质调控系统,该系统包括对虾养殖、鱼类养殖、贝类养殖、大型海藻栽培等4个功能不同的养殖区,1个益生菌及微藻培养区和1个水处理区以及1条应急排水渠。通过在封闭循环水养殖系统内不同池塘中放养生态位互补的对虾、口孵非鲫、牡蛎、江蓠等经济动植物,对虾池水质环境进行生物调控与自我修复。结果表明,循环水养殖系统内虾池水层悬浮物数量、COD值、氨态氮和总氮含量比对照组对虾单养池明显降低。养殖后排放水不处于富营养化状态(E<1)。投入每千克对虾饲料生产0.667kg对虾,同时生产0.037kg口孵非鲫、0.738kg牡蛎、0.437kg江蓠,相当于净增产值2.01元。投入与产出比,对虾单养为0.671,优化生态养殖为0.235,明显降低。该养殖模式不仅实现了虾池水质环境的自我修复与调控及养殖期间用水的零排放,而且饲料利用率大幅度提高,经济效益显著增加,还具有防病性、环保性、高效性等优点。 An optimal culture structure of prawn-fish-shellfish-algae and its water quality manipulation system were established and studied in the paper. The system includes four such culture areas as prawn, fish, shellfish and macroalgae culture areas, one probiotic and microalgae culture area, one water treatment area and one emergency water drainage canal. Biomanipulation of water quality could be achieved by stocking different economic animals and plants such as prawn, tilapia, oyster and Gracilaria tenuistipitata which are complementary in terms of biotic niche in different ponds within the closed circulating system. Results indicated that the suspending contents, COD and amount of ammoniated nitrogen and total nitrogen in the circulating water culture system were much lower than those of monoculture control ponds. The final drained water did not lie in the state of eutrophication（ E 〈 1 ）. The input of 1kg feed turned out O. 667kg prawns ,0.037kg tilapia ,0. 738kg oyster and 0. 437kg Gracilaria tenuistipitata which were equivalent to net profit ￥ 2.01. The ratio of input to output was significantly reduced from 0. 671 at monoculture to 0. 235 at optimal ecoculture of prawns. The proposed culture pattern not only arrived at the self-repair of culture environment and zero drainage of culture water,feed conversion ratio and economic benefits but also increased notably, simultaneously with advantages of disease resisting,environmental friendliness and high efficiency.

关 键 词： 对虾 优化养殖 水质调控

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]