作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 湖南大学环境科学与工程学院

出　　处： 《农业环境科学学报》 2007年第4期1506-1511,共6页

摘　　要： 从农林废物堆肥中分离得到一株真菌经鉴定为黑曲霉,将该菌用于木质素类化合物利用,固态培养条件下考察其对木质纤维素的降解能力及产酶特性,另外对发酵前后的稻草结构进行了红外光谱分析。结果表明,黑曲霉具有木质素降解能力,兼具低分子量木质素酚型、非酚型类物质的降解能力。其对木质素降解是木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、漆酶、纤维素酶和半纤维素酶共同作用的结果,黑曲霉产酶高峰处于菌体生长较稳定的时期。在本实验条件下,培养30d使木质素降解率达16.87%,同时对纤维素、半纤维素也有较高程度的降解;降解率分别为39.85%、45.32%。红外光谱分析结果表明,稻草木质素结构被破坏,黑曲霉木质素各官能团的降解作用有所不同。 Lignin biodegradation plays an important role in agricultural wastes biological treatment. A strain of fungi was isolated from the agricultural waste composting, and was identified as Aspergillus niger. This stain was found to be capable of utilizing several lignin model compounds, indicating that A. niger had the ability to decompose the hycroxybenzene and nonhydroxybenzene lignin compounds of low molecular weight. A. niger could also degrade natural rice-straw lignin with the rate of 16.87% after 30 days solid-state fermentation. At the same time, the cellulose and hemicelluloses were degraded greatly, with the degradation rates of the cellulose and hemicelluloses being 39.85% and 45.32% respectively after 30 days＇ incubation. The analyses of enzyme production further proved that A. niger had ligninolytic ability. Five kinds of enzymes, lignin peroxidase, manganses peroxidase, laccase, cellulase and hemicellulase were believed to be the most important catalyzes in biodegrading process, and they always worked synergistically. Similar to white-rot fungi, these enzymes＇ activities reached maximum during the stable growing phase of the fungus. In addition, the structure of the untreated straw and treated straw were analyzed through infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the structure of straw was greatly altered by A. niger and the effect of A. niger on different functional groups of lignin was dissimilar.

关 键 词： 黑曲霉 固态培养 产酶 木质纤维素

领　　域： [环境科学与工程]