作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 浙江省水利厅

出　　处： 《湿地科学》 2007年第2期166-173,共8页

摘　　要： 水化学特征是湿地多界面间相互作用在水体中的综合体现,从一个侧面反映了湿地系统水文化学过程的特殊性和复杂性。扎龙湿地是国际重要湿地,不仅在维持生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用,而且对区域水化学特征的形成也具有特殊的影响。为了揭示湿地内水化学特征的形成机制,研究了扎龙湿地仙鹤湖区域地表水和地下水水化学特征,并应用水化学方法和稳定同位素[氘(D)和氧18(18O)]方法深入分析了地表水、地下水水化学特征的形成机制,并重点对两者间的水文化学联系进行了探讨。结果发现,除引嫩干渠水为低矿化度的HCO3·Cl-Ca型水外,湿地湖泊水和河流水均为中等矿化度的HCO3-Na型水,湿地地表水明显受蒸发浓缩作用和苏打土溶滤作用影响;地下水的δD值和δ18O值,都高于大气降水和河水,而低于湖泊水;混合比例计算表明,地下水受大气降水直接补给较弱,湖滨处湖水补给比例超过50%。综合分析认为,湿地浅层地下水具有显著的二元循环模式,同时受区域地下水流和局部地下水流的控制。区域地下水补给占主导的区域,地下水表现出低矿化度、高氘盈余值(d)的特征,地下水化学类型逐渐由HCO3-Ca·Na·Mg型转变为HCO3-Na·Ca型。湿地湖水补给占主导的区域,地下水特征表现出高矿化度、低d值的特征,水化学类型具有较大的变异性。地表水与地下水的氮、磷以有机态形式为主,平均占总氮和总磷比例的89%和90%,主要来自于地表水体的输入,受垂向淋溶作用影响较小。研究结果不仅为湿地水环境保护提供了科学依据,而且为深化湿地区域水文地球化学效应研究指明了方向。 Hydrochemistry characteristics are integrative representations of multi - interfaces interactions, which reflect particularity and complexity of wetland hydrochemical process. Zhalong Wetland, listed in Ramsar Wetlands, not only plays an important role in biological diversity, but also has a special influence on regional hydrochemistry characteristics. In order to learn the mechanism of hydrochemical process, a study was carried out on the hydrochemical characteristics of the surface water and groundwater in Zhalong Wetland, while hydrochemical methods and stable isotope （D and ^18O） methods were used to illustrate the hydrochemical process of surface water and groundwater, especially analyze the relationship between surface water and groundwater. Lake water and stream water were HCO3 -Na type with moderate total dissolved solid （TDS）, while ditch water from the Nenjiang River was HCO3 · Cl -Ca type with low TDS. The results showed surface water was evidently influenced by evaporation and soil dissolution. The values of 8D and δ^18O of groundwater were higher than those of precipitation and river water, but lower than that of lake water. It was shown by mixed - source - calculation that groundwater was weakly recharged by precipitation. Especially in lakeside, groundwater had closely relation with the lake, from which groundwater gained more than 50% recharge. It was concluded that shallow groundwater in the wetland had remarkable double- cycle mode, and was influenced by regional groundwater and local groundwater. In regional groundwater regnant area, groundwater showed the characteristics of low TDS and high ＂d＂value, while the type of hydrochemistry was transformation from HCO3 - Ca · Na · Mg to HCO3 - Na · Ca along groundwater runoff direction. In local groundwater regnant area, groundwater showed characteristics of high TDS and low deuterium surplus value ＂d＂, while the type of hydrochemistry had biggish variability. Nitrogen and phosphorus mainly existed as organic state, which respecti

关 键 词： 扎龙湿地 地表水 地下水 水文化学 稳定同位素 氮 磷

领　　域： [天文地球] [天文地球] [环境科学与工程]