作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 仲恺农业技术学院

出　　处： 《华北农学报》 2007年第3期132-136,共5页

摘　　要： 为了解不同环境光强下鲜食型玉米光合作用特性的变化及其对产量的影响,比较不同鲜食型玉米品种间的差异,以糯玉米香白糯和超甜玉米粤甜3号为材料,采用人工遮光的方法模拟不同的光照强度,分别于苗期、灌浆期测定玉米叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ)、光合色素(Ch1 a,Ch1 b和Car)含量,并观测收获时的产量构成。结果表明,遮光使玉米叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率显著降低,但品种间差异不显著。两品种玉米叶片的Fv/Fm在苗期和灌浆期均随光强的减弱而增加,ΦPSⅡ在苗期随光照的减弱而增加,但在灌浆期随光强减弱是递减的;在相同光强环境下,苗期香白糯的Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ大于粤甜3号,灌浆期粤甜3号的Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ大于香白糯。环境光强减弱对甜糯玉米光合作用的影响主要是光合速率、蒸腾速率显著下降;甜、糯玉米均发生光抑制现象,且品种间、不同的生育期间弱光适应性有差异;弱光下穗长、行粒数、裸穗鲜质量显著下降是减产的主要因素。 To advance our understanding the effects of light regimes on photosynthetic characters and yield components, and comparison the difference between sweet and waxy maize, two genotypes of maize, Xiangbainuo and Yuetian 3, were planted by artificial shading. These two genotypes of maize were raised under three light regimes： 100% of sunlight, 80% of sunlight, and 40% of sunlight for their whole life long. Leaf photosynthetic characters （Pn and Tr）, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters（Fv/Fm and ФPSⅡ ）, and photosynthetic pigments content （Ch1 a, Ch1 b and Car） were determined. Yield components were also measured. The results showed that rates of apparent photosynthesis and transpiration were reduced significantly by shading, however, there was no significant difference between the two genotypes of maize. Fv/Fm in the two genotypes of maize increased with decreasing light intensity in seedling and grain filling stages. At the same light regimes, Fv/Fm in Xiangbainuo was much higher than that in Yuetian 3 in seedling stage, but lower in grain filling stage. With decreasing light intensity, ФPSⅡ in both Xiangbainuo and Yuetian 3 increased in seedling stage, decreased in grain filling stage. Bald length was much longer in two genotypes of maize by shading. The main effects of week light regimes leaded Pn and Tr of sweet and waxy maize reducing significantly. There was week light stress on both sweet and waxy maize, thought there was difference between the two genotypes of maize. The significant decreasing of ear length, kernels per row and weight per ear under week light regimes were the main reasons of yield reduction.

关 键 词： 光强 光合作用 产量构成 甜玉米 糯玉米

领　　域： [农业科学]