作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 华南师范大学教育科学学院心理学系

出　　处： 《心理学报》 2007年第2期225-234,共10页

摘　　要： 探讨回指距离、干扰词的精细描述、干扰词的典型性对回指推理(先行词通达)的影响。包括2个实验,被试是华南师范大学一二年级本科生164名。采用移动窗口技术,要求被试阅读一定篇数(如,实验1a每个被试阅读15篇)的文章,对不同条件的探测词的反应时进行统计。实验1探讨干扰词精细描述类型(精细描述高和精细描述低)对回指推理的影响。结果表明,干扰的精细描述并非是影响回指推理的主要因素。实验2探讨干扰词和先行词的典型性类型的相对变化对回指推理的影响。结果表明高典型干扰在不同回指距离条件下都会对回指推理产生影响。本研究结果初步证明在影响回指推理的干扰典型性和干扰精细描述的二个因素中,起主要作用的是干扰的典型性。 Introduction This paper explored the influence of three possible factors of anaphoric inference： the referential distance between an anaphor and its antecedent, the elaboration of the distractor, and the typicality of the distractor to the anaphor. O＇ Bfien et al. （1997） used a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm at a rate of 250ms/word and found no facilitation when there was a substantial distance between the anaphor and its referent. Levine et al. （2000） found that it was the elaboration of the distractor which led to the failure of anaphoric inference, instead of the referential distance. However, they did not separate the elaboration and the typicality of the distractor. Based on the minimal hypothesis, semantic interference would influence the accessibility of the antecedent, i.e. the match between the cue and the target. Our hypothesis was that the typicality of the distractor was the main factor of anaphoric inference. By manipulating both the elaboration and the typicality of the distractor, two experiments were conducted to study their effects on anaphoric inference. Method A total of 164 university students participated in the study. An on-line window display technique was used. The reaction time for the probe words in different conditions was analyzed. Different experiments used 15, 12, 14 and 16 passages, respectively. A within-subject design was adopted. In Experiment l, by using a lineby-line reading paradigm and recognition probe measures, the effect of the elaboration of the distractor on anaphoric inference was explored. In Experiment 2, using the same test measures as in Experiment 1 plus a 16- categnry typicality assessment method, the effect of the relative change of the typicality of the distractor and antecedent on anaphoric inference was explored. Results Results of Experiment 1 showed that the antecedents （e.g., ＂cake＂） were accessed in shorter time when the anaphor （e.g., ＂dessert＂） was read in the background with extensive elaboration of a same-categn

关 键 词： 文本阅读 先行词 回指词 回指推理

领　　域： [哲学宗教] [哲学宗教]