作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院华南植物研究所

出　　处： 《植物分类学报》 1996年第6期610-620,共11页

摘　　要： 菊科蒿属Artemisia的腺毛蒿组和白苞蒿组共有26种8变种,为亚洲特有植物。前者主产我国西南中、高海拔地区;后者主产秦岭以南横断山脉以东各省区的中、低海拔地区,少数种在亚洲南部、东南部也有分布。除泰国艾A.boreali-siamensis外,其余国内均产。它们在蒿属蒿亚属中进化程度较高,且与其它组有明显的区别。选择亲缘关系最近的艾组为外类群。在外类群比较原则和形态演化原则的基础上,对大量性状进行分析,包括茎、叶、花序、雌花、两性花和瘦果等性状,加之花粉形态、化学成分等,构成由55个性状演化系列组成数据矩阵,使用程序Hennig 86,version1.5在微机上运算,得到最简约的分支图。结论如下:(1)分支图表明:腺毛蒿组和白苞蒿组各为一单系类群,且互为姐妹关系。(2)经谱系分支分析,获得该类群修正的分类系统。分析结果支持林有润(1992,1991,1982)将中国腺毛蒿组分为腺毛蒿系、二郎山蒿系、多花蒿系及白苞蒿组分为白苞蒿系、垂叶蒿系和奇蒿系的观点,但少数种的位置有所变化,如白苞蒿组侧蒿A.deversa、腺毛蒿组吉塘蒿A.gyitangensis、泰国艾A.boreali-siamensis、察隅蒿A.zayuensis和亚东蒿A.yadongensis。另建议将甘青蒿A.tangutica从腺毛蒿系分出,独立为甘青蒿系Ser.Tanguticae.(3)我国西南地区是该类群植物? Twenty-six species and eight varieties of Sect. Viscidipubes &. Sect. Albibractea are endemic to Asia. Most species of Sect. Viscidipubes are distributed from low to high altitudes and cold areas in the Hengduan-Himalayan Mountains, with only a few species extending to E or S Asia. Sect. Albibractea is distributed mainly in the subtropics and tropics, lower altitudes and moist areas in S & SE Asia, with a few species extending to the Qinling range of China. Both sections are more advanced than the other sections. They were studied by cladistic analysis and outgroup comparison. Data matrix of 55 characters from stems, leaves, inflorescences, female flowers, bisexual flowers, achenes, pollen grains and chemical constitution was employed in separate and combined studies. Eighteen most parsimonious cladograms were generated with 358 steps,consistency index of 0. 72 and retention index of 0. 87. 1. Within Artemisia, Sect. Viscidipubes and Sect. Albibractea are sister groups to all the other groups. 2. We support the idea to separate Sect. Viscidipubes (incl. Ser. Viscidipubes, Ser. Er-langshanenses and Ser. Pleiocephalea) and Sect. Albibractea (incl. Ser. Albibractea, Ser. Flaccidae and Ser. Anomalae). The authors suggest that Ser. Anomalae include A. deversa and Ser. Erlangshanenses include A. zayuensis and A. yadongensis as well as Ser. Viscidipubes include A. gyitangensis and A. boreali-siamensis. As the result of the cladistic analysis , the authors tend to propose a new series, Ser. Tanguticae, incl. A. tangutica in the section. 3. We consider that SW China,especially W Sichuan,is the speciation center and the present distribution center. 4. A. boreali-siamensis, only in N Thailand, is not related to the widely distributed species in Ser. Pleiocephalae, such as A. atrovirens, A. chingii and A. myriantha , but rather closely related to species,such as A. vexans ,A. occidentals-sichuanensis,which are endemic to W. Sichuan and E. Xizang.

关 键 词： 蒿属 腺毛蒿组 白苞蒿组 分支分类 生物地理

领　　域： [生物学]