作　　者： ;

机构地区： 中山大学人文科学学院历史系

出　　处： 《敦煌研究》 2006年第6期74-81,共8页

摘　　要： 敦煌土地文书中可以见到“居城”与“庄野”的对立。拥有田庄的田主“居城”,而“为客”者“常遣守庄农作”。敦煌又发现一种“田主”与“犁牛主”的合种契或分种契,其经营形式与《隋书·食货志》所记“佃户与大家量分”及宋代的“火客”“分种”的制度一脉相承。庄客或庄夫不是奴婢,但却是“抚恤类若家僮”而自有农具的依附性的“分种”户。 We have found out from the type of documents reading of land contrast in Dunhuang Manuscripts that the two class of people who are to be in opposition to each other: ones who living at city while another who lived outside of village and laboring on the field. The one who own the land usually lived in “city” (an idea of a place surround or defended by walls or fence), while “the guest” were always dispatched to outside village to plough a field. From Dunhuang Manuscripts, we have also found a kind of cooperation contract or a contract that ruled to share the responsibility for the harvest with “the landlord” and “the master of a mottled cow ” , and the type of feudal management bears similarity to both system of “a tenant of a farm share the harvest with a landlord” which recorded in The Sui Book and a system of “huoke” or “subcontract” practiced in the Song Dynasty. From my understanding, The guest who lived outside of village were not slave, but grade into a interdependent tenant who own the tool but were “relieve to comfort and compensate to bereaved family as a yang male domestic servant”.

关 键 词： 田庄 守庄农作 分种

领　　域： [文化科学]