作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所

出　　处： 《地理学报》 2006年第11期1160-1170,共11页

摘　　要： 可持续土地利用模式是土地生态经济可持续发展的必然要求,但目前对可持续土地利用模式的科学基础研究较为薄弱。可持续土地利用模式的科学基础是土地类型及其空间组合结构,利用遥感和地理信息系统等新技术、基于社会发展需求的小尺度、大比例尺土地类型制图及其空间结构研究将是今后土地分类学的重要研究方向之一。目前土地利用中存在的与环境相关的问题,多数源自于违背土地类型自然属性的客观要求。退耕还草还林政策的实施,体现了土地利用需要遵循土地类型自然属性的客观要求。以天山北坡为例,在可持续土地利用模式的科学基础分析的基础上,根据土地类型及其空间组合结构,进一步完善和提升了近年提出的干旱区绿洲-中山带立体双带模式和干旱区山地利用模式;并基于典型的干旱区绿洲格局提出了冲洪积扇绿洲集约利用模式、冲积平原绿洲农业规模经营模式以及河流尾闾三角洲绿洲生态利用模式。 Sustainable land use models are regional ecology and economy, it is especially prerequisites of sustainable development of true for arid land areas where environment is wholly fragile thanks to very limited precipitation and where human activities have greatly transformed natural desert system by clearing natural vegetation, expanding oases and even building dams. However, the up-to-data study of land use models is still in a stage of investigation and case study, lacking solid scientific basis. This paper holds that land types and their combination patterns are the principal basis for designing sustainable land use models, and that GIS and RS-based large-scale land type mapping and their spatial combination structure study should be coordinated with the demand of social development and carried out in the near future. The existing environmental problems induced by irrational land use mostly result from their deviation from the natural properties of land types. This paper, taking the northern Tianshan Mountains as an example and considering land type patterns as the basis of land use patterns, improves the vertical oasis and middle mountain two belt development model and mountain land use model for arid land put forward in recent years, and, in terms of oases patterns, outlines oasis development models, including diluvial-alluvial fan intensive land use model, alluvial plain moderate-scale agricultural development model, and river-end oasis ecological use model.

关 键 词： 天山北坡 绿洲 景观格局 绿洲变化

领　　域： [经济管理]