作　　者： ; ; ; (李文建）; (林发亮）;

机构地区： 中山大学生命科学学院有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室

出　　处： 《生态学报》 2006年第5期1583-1590,共8页

摘　　要： 红豆杉中紫杉醇及其衍生物的含量显著地受到多种因素的影响,对这些影响因子的研究有利于红豆杉产业化栽培基地经济效益的实现。根据以往的研究,综述了影响红豆杉中紫杉醇及其衍生物含量的主要因子,包括品种、环境、季节、年龄、性别、组织部位、储藏方式、激素和代谢旁路抑制剂等不同的方面。曼地亚红豆杉是美国食品与药物管理局筛选到的最适宜栽培的品种,目前市场上50%以上的10-脱酰基巴卡丁Ⅲ来自于欧洲紫杉。阴湿环境生长的红豆杉紫杉醇含量较高,冬季一般是紫杉醇及其衍生物总含量最高的季节,年龄的增加有利于紫杉醇含量的提高,性别不同的红豆杉紫杉醇的含量没有显著差异,根和皮部的紫杉醇含量较高,阴干和低温保藏能有效地减缓紫杉醇的分解速度,一些激素和代谢旁路抑制剂的施用可以明显地提高红豆杉中紫杉醇及其衍生物的含量。并进一步提出了未来急需深入研究的重点:(1)优良品系的筛选和栽培,尤其是对生长速度最快和在中国分布最广的南方红豆杉;(2)土壤中各种成分,尤其是稀土元素对紫杉醇及其衍生物含量的影响和机理;(3)定点与大尺度实验相结合研究宏观生态因子对含量的影响和机理;(4)激素和代谢旁路抑制剂对含量的影响和机理;(5)调节宏观生态因子、土壤成分、激素和代谢旁路抑制剂的配伍进一步提高产量并应用于生产实践。 The taxoids content of Taxus spp. is significantly affected by various factors and this review summarizes the main findings from many studies during the last 20 years. As many tries to industrialize its production can＇t be realized due to high cost in the near future, cultivating Taxus spp. appears the most feasible and economical way to obtain these valuable compounds for use in medicine （chemotherapy） and basic research. The taxoids content of Taxus spp. responds to several factors including species, environment, season, age, sex, tissue, storage, hormones and side metabolic pathway inhibitors. Understanding the relative importance of these factors is critically important for increasing the content of taxoids in plant material, and hence the economic viability of this industry. There are large variations between species and cultivars, within and between Taxus spp. populations in taxoids content. A cuhivar with comparatively high shoot taxol content, Taxus × media cv Hicksi, has been selected by the FDA as the best choice for cultivation whilst Taxus baccata L., supplies most of the world market with 10- deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ In general, taxol accumulation is higher under shady and moist conditions whilst shoot growth （and hence taxol accumulation） is reduced in high light intensity and dry conditions. Total taxoids content usually peaks in winter while that of 10-deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ often peaks in fast-growing seasons. For mature trees, taxol content increases with the age of trees while no significant difference in taxol content was attributed to the sex of trees. 3-4 and 7-8 year-old seedlings often had lower taxol and 10-deacetylbaccatin Ⅲ contents than 1-year-old seedlings. Root and stem bark are richer in taxol than other tissues while small stems and needles often have higher 10-deacetylhaccatin Ⅲ or haccatin Ⅲ content. The decomposition rate of taxoids in dry plant material is reduced in shady conditions and at low temperature. Following collection, plant material should be processed qui

关 键 词： 红豆杉 紫杉醇 脱酰基巴卡丁 紫杉醇及其衍生物 影响因子

领　　域： [生物学] [生物学]