作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院干旱半干旱区可持续发展国际研究中心

出　　处： 《干旱区地理》 2006年第2期230-236,共7页

摘　　要： 塔里木河(以下简称塔河)流域是我国生态脆弱地区之一,其中塔河下游地区为严重脆弱地区。塔河下游地区广大的天然草地主要分布在绿洲-荒漠过渡带,该地带也是一个典型的生态脆弱带。依据有关生态脆弱带评价方法,结合塔河下游天然草地分布的实际状况,建立生态脆弱性评价体系。对垂直于塔河河道不同距离上的草地生态环境进行了分析,得出在距离河道500 m以上的地带草地生态环境表现为中度生态脆弱,<350 m的草地生态环境表现为一般脆弱。评价结果基本符合实际情况,对指导当地合理开发和利用草地资源具有一定的价值。 The Tarim River Basin is one of the areas with fragile ecology, especially in its lower reaches. The vast natural steppes in the lower reaches of the Tarim River are mainly distributed in the oasis - desert ecotone, a typical area with fragile ecology. The river section from Qara to the Taitema Lake in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is located in the northeastern marginal zone of the Tarim Basin, and it is 428 km in length. Belt - shaped oases are distributed along the upper river section from Qara to the Daxihaizi Reservoir, where it belongs to the warmtemperate extremely arid desert climate, it is cold in winter but hot in summer, the diurnal - nocturnal temperature difference is high, precipitation occurs infrequently, but the strong winds and sand drift disasters occur frequently. The annual solar radiation, sunshine duration, accumulated temperature ≥10℃, daily temperature range and frost- free period are 5692-6360 MJ/m^2, 2780-2980 hours, 4040℃ -4300℃, 13℃--17℃ and 176- 200 days respectively. Based on some relevant methods for evaluating the areas with fragile ecology, in this paper the system of evaluating the ecological frangibility is developed based on considering the distribution of natural steppes in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The ecological environment of steppes with different distances away from the watercourse is analyzed. The results reveal that the ecology is moderately fragile in the regions with distance 〉 500 m away from the watercourse, and it is fragile in the regions with distance 〈 350 m away from the watercourse. The evaluated results accord basically with the actual situation, and they are valuable for guiding the local rational exploitation and utilization of steppe remurces.

关 键 词： 塔里木河 草地生态环境 脆弱带 生态脆弱带评价方法 指标体系

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]