作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 华南农业大学农学院热带亚热带生态研究所

出　　处： 《生态环境》 2006年第2期397-404,共8页

摘　　要： 以茉莉酸(JA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)为代表的茉莉酸类物质(JAs)是广泛存在于高等植物体内的一种新型植物生长调节物质,在调节植物生长发育、光合特性、抗逆反应等起着重要的作用。茉莉酸类物质能抑制植物生长,抑制种子和花粉粒萌发,促进叶片和果实衰老,加速细胞的分裂和膨大,促进气孔关闭,诱导禾本科植物的颖花开放;此外还能调节植物的光合作用和呼吸作用及保护酶活性。目前更多的研究表明,茉莉酸(酯)类物质是与抗性密切相关的植物生长物质,它作为内源信号分子参与植物在机械伤害、病虫害、干旱、盐胁迫、低温等条件下的抗逆反应。在植物受到伤害时,植物体内茉莉酸及其衍生物的含量显著增加,进而诱导一系列与抗逆有关的基因表达,如蛋白酶抑制剂、硫蛋白和苯丙氨酸转氨酶(PAL)等,提高酯氧合酶活性,从而增强植物的抗性。研究还发现,在干旱逆境胁迫条件下,与脱落酸(ABA)的表现相似,茉莉酸类物质大量积累,外施能增强植物的抗旱性。茉莉酸与脱落酸在抑制生长、促进衰老和逆境胁迫的反应上作用极为相似,两者可协同起作用或独立发挥,而茉莉酸与水杨酸(SA)二者之间则大多研究认为存在相互抑制的拮抗作用,但也有一定协同作用。而茉莉酸与各种激素的信号传导途径的相互作用机制仍有待进一步深入研究。 Jasmonic acid （JA） and Methyl jasmonate （MeJA） collectively referred to as jasmonates are important cellular regulators which naturally occur in higher plants, they are involved in diverse developmental processes, such as inhibit seed and pollen granule germination, accelerate leaf and fruit senescence, promote cell division and expansion, promote stomatal closure, induce floret flowering etc., they also can regulate plant photosynthesis, respiration and protective enzyme activity. More recent research showed that, jasmonates are growth regulators related to plant resistance, they can activate plant defence mechanisms in response to organic stress such as insect-driven wounding and various pathogens and inorganic stress such as mechanically injuring, drought, low temperature, and salinity. When plant are suffered from stress conditions, Jas content increased significantly, which can induce resistance gene expression such as protein enzyme inhibitors, S protein and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL）, lipoxygenase （LOX） activity and thereby plant resistance are increased. Evidence also showed that Jas have many similar characteristics as ABA, such as induce stomatal closure, inhibit plant growth, promote senescence and involved in stress response, they can cooperate dependently or independently. There are antagonistic effects between Jas and salicylic acid （SA） in most conditions, but they still have cooperative effects in regulating plant defence response. Our current understanding of JA signaling and its interaction with other signaling pathways of hormone, imperfect as it is, reveals an enormous complexity.

关 键 词： 茉莉酸类物质 生理效也 逆境胁迫 信号传导

领　　域： [生物学]