作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 北京师范大学资源学院环境演变与自然灾害实验室

出　　处： 《地球科学进展》 2006年第2期111-119,共9页

摘　　要： 中国从20世纪70年代末实施了前所未有的改革开放政策,巨大的境外投资、有偿转让使用与土地联产承包政策在广大城乡的推行,引致了快速的城市化与经济增长过程,城市化水平增长15%,GDP平均每年增长超过9%,城市化土地面积增长2%。与此相应,严重的生态环境灾害相继发生,1994年淮河特大污染事件;1997年黄河断流227天;1998年发生长江、嫩江流域特大水灾;2000年发生严重影响中国首都北京及韩国、日本的12次沙尘暴;2004年,淮河流域再次发生严重污染事件。综合分析表明,土地利用/覆盖格局的巨大变化、城市化过程的加速、乡镇企业的迅猛发展成为其主因。一些案例研究表明,重建生态环境安全条件下的中国土地利用/覆盖格局,制定与生态环境安全水平友好的国家土地利用政策,不仅有利于改善中国生态环境安全水平,还将促进其可持续发展,并有益于亚洲及世界生态环境的改良。 Since the late 1970s, reform and opening-up policy has been implemented in China, which brought in a great deal of foreign investment and the availability of the transition of land usufruct in both rural and urban areas. This leads to repaid urbanization and fast economic development, with an increase rate of 15% in urbanization level, an increase ratio of 2% in the urban district area and over 9% GDP growth per year. Relatively, serious t disasters occurred, such as the pollution accident in Huaihe River in 1994, the lower reaches of Yellow river drying up for 227 days in 1997, the unusual big floods in Yangtze river and Nengjiang river in 1998, the 12 dust storm events in North China which affected Beijing, Korea, and Japan in 2000, and the serious pellution accident in Huaihe River again in 2004. Integrated analysis shows that, it is mainly caused by the land use/ cover changes, the accelerating urbanization, and the rapid growth of village enterprises. The case studies in China find out that, it is very important to plan land use/cover pattern under eco-environmental security and adjust national policy of land use and environmental management friendly to ecosystem, which is not only beneficial to improve ecosystem health and environmental quality and advance sustainable development of China, but also helpful to maintain the ecosystem health in Asia and the whole world.

关 键 词： 土地利用 覆盖变化 生态环境安全 土地利用政策调整 中国

领　　域： [环境科学与工程]