作　　者： ;

机构地区： 广东商学院人文与传播学院

出　　处： 《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》 2005年第5期110-119,共10页

摘　　要： 休谟、康德与布伦塔诺的伦理学分别代表了西方近世伦理学的三种基本形态:快乐主义、律令主义和完善主义。以休谟为代表的快乐主义伦理学将善的原则(快乐感受)直接作为伦理学的基础(表现为感受的源初印象);以康德为代表的律令主义伦理学从伦理学的基础(先天综合判断)推论出善的原则(绝对律令);布伦塔诺在对前哲审慎批评的基础上,提出完善主义伦理学,其中伦理学的基础(感受认识)与善的原则(完善)相互激发、和合为一,流传已久的“是”与“应当”之难题也迎刃而解。三种伦理学与现世伦常生活的三种迥然不同的形态遥相呼应,选择一种伦理学也就隐含着推荐一种伦常生活,相比较而言,完善主义伦理学在当今世界更值得推荐。 The ethics of Hume, Kant and Brentano represent three fundamental ways of modern ethics in the West respectively, which are hedonism, imperativism, and perfectionism. Hume took the principle of good （ feelings of pleasure） directly as the ground of ethics （ original impressions）.Kant deduced the principle of good （ absolute imperative） from the ground of ethics （ synthetic a priori judgments）. On the base of careful studies, Brentano put forth the perfectionism in which the ground of ethics and the principle of good were originated from each other and integrated. Furthermore, the“ is-ought problem” which had puzzled philosophers for a long time was solved. These ethics are correspondent to three totally different styles of mundane moral life. So preferring a type of ethics implies recommending such a kind of moral life. Compared with the ethics of both Hume and Kant, Brentano＇ s ethics is worthy to be recommended nowadays.

关 键 词： 布伦塔诺 完善主义 善 伦理学

领　　域： [哲学宗教]