作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (王念英）;

机构地区： 中国农业科学院生物防治研究所

出　　处： 《生态学报》 1995年第4期433-441,共9页

摘　　要： 根据在浙江富阳、河南郑州、江苏句容和湖南长沙的连续田间调查，稻田节肢动物群落的组成依生态学上的营养关系分为植食类（害虫）、捕食类和寄生类（天敌）、以及腐生类和水生类（与水稻关系不甚密切，但可作为天敌的猎物）等。进一步分析显示，不同稻区的节肢动物群落的种－丰盛度关系适于用对数正态分布（Ｌｏｇｎｏｒｍａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ）模型描述，单一作物生长季节中取样总计少于１０个个体的物种所占比例为４３．７６％－７１．９１％。不同类群的相对丰盛度因地而异，且可是水生类的摇蚊（富阳早稻田）、白背飞虱和褐飞虱（富阳晚稻、句容、长沙）、黑尾叶蝉（郑州）或腐生类的弹尾虫（句容）。多样性（以Ｎ＿１表示）的高低顺序为郑州（２８．５６）＞富阳晚稻（２２．４３）＞句容９１（１１．０８）＞富阳早稻（６．４３），句容９２（６．８０），和长沙（６．７２）。极丰盛种所包括的个体数占总个体数量的比例在６９％－８０％之间，具有普遍性的丰盛种有猎物类的褐飞虱、白背飞虱、蚊类、弹尾虫以及捕食类的狼蛛、黑肩绿盲蝽和尖钩宽蝽等，构成了稻田节肢动物群落组成及功能作用的主体。 rthropod communities were studied in four types of rice ecosystems,i.e. , Changshadouble hybrid rice in Hunan (CS).Fuyang hybrid-japonica rice in Zhejiang(FY),and Jurong(JR,in Jiangsu)and Zhengzhou(ZZ, in Henan ) winter wheat-japonica rice, in China since1991. The arthropod guilds were defined as phytophages, predators parasitoids, aquaticmosquitoes and scavengers.A total of arthropod species recorded was 103 and 102(FY,earlyand late rice), 89 and 104(JR in 1991 and 1992), 184(ZZ) ,respectively, Most of the species(about 44%-72%)only presented less than 10 individuals during the whole cropping sea-son. The species- abundance relationship proved to fit to the log- normal distribution. Amongguilds , relative abundance varied with the rice ecosystems , which may be either aquaticmosquitoes(FY,early rice),collembola(JR),or phytophages(CS and ZZ). Those non- pestspecies such as mosquitoes probably play an important role as the predators'foods ,especiallyat the early rice growth stage to maintain the predator's populations. The predominant phy-tophages included rice brown planthopper, Nilaparavata lugens(except in FY early rice ),white-backed planthopper , Sogatella furcifera(except C) , aphids and smaller brown plan-thopper, Laodelphax striatellus ,green leafhoppers ,Nephotettis spp.(ZZ) and so on. Spiders,mainly Lycosidae(Pardosa pseudoannulata,Pirata spp. )are the major abundant predators inall of the four rice ecosystem. Other abundant natural enemies can be Cyrtorrhinus lividipen-nis and Microvelia horvathi(FY and CS). The species diversities,measured using Hill's num-bers N_1 and N_2,of arthropod community in the rice ecosystems,were ranked :ZZ(28. 56)>FY late rice(22.243)>JR91(11. 08)>FY early rice(6. 43)>JR92(6. 80)>CS(6. 72).

关 键 词： 稻田生态系 节肢动物 群落 物种多样性 水稻

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]