作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中山大学生命科学学院

出　　处： 《生态学报》 2005年第6期1517-1522,共6页

摘　　要： 对位于珠江三角洲地区的3个已关闭3a、5a和6a的采石场(分别记为1、2、3号石场)悬崖上的土壤特征和自然植被进行了调查和分析。结果表明,采石悬崖是非常极端的生境,悬崖上绝大部分地方为裸露岩石,仅在某些凹陷和缝隙处聚集有少量土壤,土层厚度一般小于1cm;3个悬崖上土壤的机械组成以石砾和沙粒为主,约占土壤总颗粒的94%;虽然土壤肥力指标多属中等偏低水平,但相对于南方荔枝园土壤,3悬崖土壤的肥力状况并不算差。经过3～6a的自然恢复,采石场悬崖上逐步形成有稀疏、丛状分布的草本植物群落,植被盖度和植物种类随恢复时间的推移而有所增加。1号石场悬崖的植被平均盖度为10.6%,植物种类有3科8属8种;2号石场的植被平均盖度为18.6%,植物种类有6科11属11种;3号石场的植被平均盖度为23.4%,植物种类有7科12属12种。早期定居的植物主要是禾本科和菊科的草本植物,其中红毛草和类芦在群落中占绝对优势,恢复5a后开始出现马樱丹、野牡丹和岗松等耐旱的阳性灌木。 Due to the rapid economic development of China since 1980s, a large number of quarries have been exploited around the country to provide large quantities of construction materials for meeting various demands. Quarry cliff face represents a specific and extreme habitat that is often unsuitable for plants growth. Attentions have been paid to their restoration all over the world. In terms of restoration, the knowledge of natural vegetation and edaphic conditions is valuable information. However, previous studies of quarry restoration were mainly focused on the quarry floor, and only very few on the quarrying cliff. Three representative quarry cliffs at Guangzhou, Dongguan and Zhuhai in the Pear River Delta region, were selected. The quarries had been closed from 3 years to 6 years. The edaphic conditions and natural vegetation at these three quarries were investigated. The three quarries are composed of gneissic granite whose surface was weathered to some extent. All the three cliffs have southern aspects. The slope height ranges from 15 meters to 100 meters. The bottom of slope is in the length of between 250 and 320 meters. The average slope is from 70 degrees to 76 degrees. Because the cliffs were caved irregularly, some hollows and cracks were formed during the progress of exploitation. There were some soils, which were able to gather in these kinds of micro-topographies. This provided the possibility for vegetation to establish. The physical, chemical and biological properties on the cliffs are poor. The soils are mainly composed of gravels and sands (coarse and fine sands), which accounted for 94% of total particles. Gravels and coarse sands are about 35% of total particles. Clay content is very low only representing 6% to 7.5% of total particles. These kinds of soils have the features of low water-holding capacity and high air permeability. The organic matter content in these soils varies from 1.14% to 1.28%. Total nitrogen content varies from 0.89 to 1.02 g·kg^-1 , of which, 28.5 to 35.2 mg·kg^-1 is availa

关 键 词： 生态恢复 采石场 悬崖 土壤 植被

领　　域： [生物学] [生物学] [生物学]