作　　者： ; ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 南京大学地球科学与工程学院地球环境计算工程研究所

出　　处： 《高校地质学报》 2005年第2期181-186,共6页

摘　　要： 研究了硅酸盐细菌对矿物的风化作用。选用土壤中常见的钾长石、伊利石等矿物作为细菌风化作用的对象,通过在含有矿物颗粒的无氮培养基中培养硅酸盐细菌,使其在培养液中与矿物颗粒发生相互作用,再取样并处理后进行电镜观察和X射线衍射分析。电镜观察结果表明细菌对矿物试样表面确实发生了溶蚀作用,被细菌作用后的矿粉,颗粒浑圆,边缘模糊不清,表面呈凹凸不平状,矿物颗粒被大量的菌体物质所覆盖。用X射线衍射分析检测到细菌对具不同晶体结构矿物的“选择性”破坏作用,在有多种矿物同时存在的情况下,细菌对较易分解的矿物破坏作用速度较快。结合矿物学与微生物学相关知识,初步分析了细菌培养液中细菌与矿物界面之间的相互作用以及土壤生态系统中矿物的生物风化作用过程。 Interactions between microorganisms and minerals take place widely on the Earth, which lead to dissolution or precipitation of minerals and thus play an important role in the natural environment and economic development. The study of mineral weathering by microorganisms involves many fields and disciplines. Furthermore, weathering of minerals is related to the formation and evolution of soil, development of vegetation and formation of mineral deposits.This paper focuses on mineral weathering by silicate bacteria. Potassium feldspar, illite and other common minerals were selected for this study. These minerals were incubated in nitrogen-free medium containing bacteria. During incubation samples were collected from the culture and analyzed using X-ray diffraction and electron microscope. The results showed that the bacteria indeed eroded the surface of the testing minerals, which were characteristic of round shapes and uneven surface. The mineral particles were covered with numerous bacteria. Furthermore, bacteria selectively degraded different minerals due to difference in mineral crystal structure. In the Absence of bacteria, minerals remained intact, which were characterized by sharp edges and corners. The mechanisms of mineral weathering by silicate bacteria were also discussed.

关 键 词： 微生物 硅酸盐矿物 生物风化作用

领　　域： [生物学]