作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 华中农业大学

出　　处： 《生态学杂志》 2005年第6期613-618,共6页

摘　　要： 建立了一种虾、鱼、贝、藻多池循环水生态优化养殖模式及水质生物调控系统,包括对虾养殖、鱼类养殖、贝类养殖和大型海藻栽培等4个不同功能养殖区,1个水处理区以及1条应急排水渠。通过在封闭循环系统内不同池塘中放养生态位互补的经济动植物对虾池水环境进行生物调控。结果表明,循环水养殖系统内虾池水层悬浮物数量、COD值、氨态氮和硝酸态氮含量比对照组对虾单养池明显降低(P<0·01)。养殖排放水不处于富营养化状态(E<1)。对虾饲料产出对虾0.667kg·kg-1、罗非鱼0.037kg·kg-1、牡蛎0.738kg·kg-1、江蓠0.437kg·kg-1,净增产值2.01元。投入产出比由对虾单养的0.588降低为优化生态养殖的0.235。该养殖模式不仅实现了虾池水环境的生物调控与养殖用水的零排放,且显著提高了饲料利用率和经济效益,具有防病、环保、高效等优点。 An ecological optimal aquaculture mode was established which included four aquaculture areas with different functions to culture prawn,fish,shellfish and macroalgae respectively,one water treatment area and one emergent off-taking area.Bio-manipulation of water quality can be achieved by stocking complementary organisms in different ponds within the closed circulation system.The results indicated that COD,the contents of suspension,ammoniated nitrogen and nitrated nitrogen were much lower than those of monoculture ponds (P<0.01).The final drainage of the reused water was not eutrophicated (E<1).The commercial benefit was obvious.Totally 0.667kg prawns,0.037kg tilapia,0.738kg oyster,and 0.437kg Gracilaria tenuistipitata were harvested with the input of 1 kg feed,with a net profit increase of $2.01 yuan.The ratio of input to output was significantly reduced from 0.709 of monoculture to 0.235 of ecoculture of prawns.Not only the bio-manipulation of aquaculture environment and null discharge of culture water were implemented,but feed conversion ratio and economic benefits were increased notably with advantages of illness-resisting,environment-protection and high-efficiency.

关 键 词： 生态养殖 水质环境 生物调控

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]