作　　者： ; ;

机构地区： 南华大学经济管理学院人因研究所

出　　处： 《核动力工程》 2005年第3期291-296,共6页

摘　　要： 对世界核电厂营运者联合会1993～2002年940份运行事件分析报告进行分析,发现有551件与人因相关,人因失误仍然是核电站事故最主要的诱因之一。运用统计技术和数据挖掘技术对这551件人因事件进行分析,获得如下结论:①维修、调试、试验活动中所产生的人误导致系统潜在失效而最终诱发系统事故已成为人因事故最重要的原因;②反应堆启动阶段和停堆阶段人误概率较高,且易诱发严重事故;③人因事件发生概率与反应堆类型没有必然的联系;④对事故征兆或事故判断失误和操作失误是人误的最主要表现形式,也是导致人因事故的最主要原因,造成严重电站瞬态和安全系统的故障或者不恰当投运的事故的可能性较大;⑤理论知识欠缺、基本操作能力较差、组织管理缺陷、规程不足以及粗心大意、缺乏相互检查是导致人因失误最主要的根原因。 940 WANO operating event reports from 1993 to 2002 were analyzed, among which 551 were found relative to human errors. Human errors are still one of the major causes of accidents in a nuclear power plant (NPP). The following conclusions are concluded: (1) human errors in test, maintenance and calibration leading to the potential failure of the system are the main causes of human factor incidents; (2) there is a comparatively high probability of human errors in the period of start-up and shutdown of a reactor which are liable to cause severe accidents; (3) the probability of human errors is not necessarily related to the type of a reactor ;(4) the main human errors include the error judgment on the symptoms and manipulation which most probably cause severe transient and the failure of safety system or improper shutdown; (5) lack of theoretical knowledge, poor manipulation, organization management failure, inappropriate procedures, carelessness and lack of check-up are the major root causes of human errors.

关 键 词： 世界核电厂营运者联合会 人因事件 数据挖掘 人误类型 根原因

领　　域： [环境科学与工程] [理学] [理学] [理学] [一般工业技术]