作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院

出　　处： 《植物生态学报》 2005年第2期208-217,共10页

摘　　要： 分析鼎湖山 3种植被类型生态系统水文的长期连续观测资料 ,采用时空互代的方法 ,得到如下一些结果 :1)鼎湖山自然保护区东沟集水区产水量达到降水量的 6 6 .5 % ,日径流量高峰的出现相对降水的发生滞后 1d左右。 2 )地下水位平均稳定在 2 .2 2m ,最低为 2 .84m ,最高为 1.14m。 1999、2 0 0 0、2 0 0 1、2 0 0 2和 2 0 0 3年地下水位平均值分别为 2 .38,2 .2 7,2 .0 8,2 .13和 2 .11m。鼎湖山东沟集水区每日地下水位与前 16d每一天的降水量相关。3)随着时间推移 3种不同的植物群落中土壤含水量都有减少的趋势。季风林 (p <0 .0 1)和混交林 (p <0 .0 5 )的土壤含水量减少趋势具有统计上的显著性 ,松林除外。 4 )鼎湖山 3个处于不同演替阶段的植物群落其穿透水量与大气降水皆呈线性相关 ,它们的R2 值随演替的进展而减小。穿透水占大气降水的比例也随演替进展而减少 ,松林、混交林和季风林分别为 83.4 %、6 8.3%和 5 9.9%。松林、混交林和季风林的树干茎流占大气降水的比例分别为1.9%、6 .5 %和 8.3%。树干茎流和胸径的关系受控于整个群落整体的影响而不仅仅是某个单一物种 ,并且群落的郁闭程度和结构是影响降水在林内再次分配的关键因素。季风林 2月大气降水 2 8.7mm林冠截流率为 83.3% ,而在大气降水为 Dinghushan biosphere reserve (112°30′39″-112°33′41″ E, 23°09′21″-23°11′30″ N) is located in central Guangdong Province in southern China, about 84 km from Guangzhou city, with an area of 1 156 hm 2. Due to its location on the tropic of cancer, the forest vegetation is very rich and dominated by monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests. The dominant forest types in the Dinghushan biosphere reserve are Pinus massoniana forests (PF), mixed Pinus massoniana/broad-leaved forests (PBF), and monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests (MBF), which form a natural successional sequence. The aim of this paper was to quantify the magnitude and annual variation of water yields in the Dinghushan Nature Reserve in the three forest types, which would be used for estimating carbon outputs in streamflow, and to discuss how hydrological processes vary at different successional stages of forest development. Climatic data were obtained from weather stations located at the Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN). Runoff was monitored at three landscape levels. The first level was the entire eastern watershed. The second level referred to small catchments within the larger watershed that were dominated by the different forest types, i.e., a PF catchment, a PBF catchment, and a MBF catchment. The third level referred to three surface runoff plots placed within each of the three catchments. Stream runoff in the eastern watershed and the three smaller catchments was monitored continuously year a round by measurement weirs with streamflow recorders. The ephemeral surface runoff from the nine surface runoff plots was collected in separate plastic tanks and the water level of each tank was recorded automatically following every precipitation event. The subsurface water table depth was recorded manually at 5-day intervals in wells located in the valley of the eastern watershed at elevations of 20-30 m. Soil water content has been measured monthly using neutron probes since 1983.

关 键 词： 鼎湖山 地带性植被 演替阶段 水文学过程 季风林 混交林

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]