作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院微生物研究所

出　　处： 《水生生物学报》 1988年第1期1-12,共12页

摘　　要： 北京燕山地区的水系——周口店河、东沙河、丁家洼河、西沙河、大石河中游受到石油废水和生活污水的影响。作者在5条河流同步采用载玻片法、PFU(Polyurethane Foam Unit)法和传统的浮游生物沉淀法收集原生动物群落。对群落的种类组成、多样性指数、群集过程(S_(eq)、G、T_(90％))等参数进行了测定。3种方法都能监测出周口店河有严重的毒性效应,载玻片法和PFU法能监测出含石油的废水在东沙河逐渐净化的过程,PFU法能最终判断出西沙河的有机污染比丁家洼河大。因此这5条河流的污染程度是依大石河、丁家洼河、西沙河、东沙河、周口店河的次序而递增。周口店河上游站因含强酸、强碱的废水引起的毒性已迫使原生动物无法生存。由于东沙河的汇入,大石河的中游地段优势种出现以自养性向异养性转化、丰度增加、多样性指数下降的富营养化现象,对北拒马河亦有潜在的压迫。 The water system in the Yanshan region, Beijing, including Zhoukoudian River (St. 16, 18), Dongsha River (St. 7, 10, 12, 14), Dingjiawa River (St. 20, 23), Xisha River (St. 24, 25) and the middle reaches of Dashi River (St. 1, 3), was polluted by industrial Wastewater and municipal sewage from the Yanshan Petrochemical Company (Fig. 1, Tab. 1, 2). The most harmful contaminents were oil, phenol, and strongly acid or alkaline effluents. The present study aims at an evaluation on the ecological effects of these pollutants based on the protozoan communities. From April to June of 1985, protozoan communities were collected from the mentioned five rivers simultaneously with three methods: (1) slide method for periphytic protozoans, (2) PFU method for protozoan colonization, (3) classical method of planktonic settling. The upstream Dashi River (St. 1) was used as the control station for the assessment of water quality. 351 protozoan species (84 for Phytomastigophora, 34 for Zoomastigophora, 54 for Sarcodina, 179 for Ciliata) were found in the rivers. Compared with the result of the control station, the number of protozoan species in Zhoukoudian and Dongsha rivers decreased dramatically (Tab. 3). It was found that all of the three methods are effective for monitoring the deterioration of water quality in the upper reaches of the Zhoukoudian River (St. 16), where protozoans were practically wiped out due to the sharp and alternative change of acid and alkaline effluents (Tab. 4—7, Fig. 2). In Dongsha River, polluted by the petroleum refinery and municipal effluents, the results of slide method and PFU method both indicated a gradual selfpurification process. The species diversity index of this river increased gradually toward downstream reaches (St. 12, 14) where water quality became recovered and the attached ciliates (Peritrichida) were predominant in station 10 (Tab. 4). The slide method was incapable of evaluating the difference of pollution between Xisha River and Dingjiawa River. The PFU method has the ability of

关 键 词： 石油废水 法 生活污水 有机污染 富营养化 河流 污染程度 周口店 原生动物 群落

领　　域： [生物学] [环境科学与工程]