作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所

出　　处： 《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》 2000年第4期397-402,共6页

摘　　要： 黄土高原地区水资源严重不足 ,大部分地方的降雨量为 2 5 0～ 6 0 0mm ,地表水平均径流量为 136 91亿m3,人均 484 5 8m3,仅为全国人均的 1/3。自然降水年际变率大 ,季节分布不匀 ,干旱灾害频繁 ,水资源缺乏 ,已成为制约农业经济发展的限制因子。同时黄土高原地形复杂 ,沟壑纵横 ,土地贫瘠 ,风蚀、水蚀和沙化严重 ,农业生产不稳定 ,社会经济发展滞后 ,使水资源问题突出。因此 ,径流调水 ,以肥调水 ,抗旱保水 ,化学调水 ,灌溉节水等调水技术 ,是发展黄土高原高效农业的关键技术。重点分析黄土高原地区几种调水方式和增产途径 。 Loess platean lacks seriouly in water resourceIn most of the plane,annual rainfall is 250～600mm and the average surface runoff is 13,691 million m3 (average 48458m3 per person,which is one third of the owerage amount per person)Natural rainfall varies greatly yearly and distributes wnevenly seasonly,which leads to freguent arid disasters and water resource in wantThese above have become the restriction factor for the agriculture and agricultural developmentIn the same time,loess plateau complicated in topgrophy and poor soil has wind erosion and water erosion and serious sandification so that agricultural production is not steady and social economy development is backward,which makes the problem of water resource more prominentTherefore,water dispatch technigues such as water dispatch by runoff,fertilize and chemistry and drought fight for water ensurement as well as irrigation for water saving is the key technigue to develop effient agriculture in loess plateanThis paper analyses several water dispatch ways and production increase in loess platean,which provides reference for policy-making department

关 键 词： 黄土高原地区 沟壑 灌溉节水 调水 风蚀 抗旱 沙化 农业经济发展 关键技术研究 高效农业

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学] [农业科学]