作　　者： ; ; ; ; ; (姚京都）;

机构地区： 华南农业大学林学院

出　　处： 《华南农业大学学报》 2004年第4期30-34,共5页

摘　　要： 苞叶芋属观叶植物表现褐腐病症状的绿巨人Spathiphyllumpallas、神灯白掌S.lynise、香水白掌S.sensation、金叶白掌S.golden和白掌S.clevelandii分离提纯菌株,作交互接种试验显示,都可交互致病,表现褐腐病自然感病症状.根据对5个菌株培养特性、形态特征和致病性观测,认为是同一个病原种即苞叶芋帚梗柱孢CylindrocladiumspathiphylliSchoultiesEl Gholl＆Alfieri.病原菌生物学特性的研究表明,20～26℃适宜病原菌生长,高于34℃或低于15℃则不利于生长,湿度在90%以上有利于病原菌孢子萌发;在适量微量元素Fe、Mg、K营养条件下,病原菌生长缓慢,pH5～9病原菌生长良好.从接种病原菌后的绿巨人叶柄横切可见其病理结构变化为:接种12h,病菌以菌丝通过表皮上伤口或细胞间隙进入皮层;接种24h,部分表皮细胞和皮层薄壁细胞质壁分离,变褐;接种48h,受害皮层薄壁细胞向深处发展扩大,细胞壁呈黑褐色;接种72h,病菌侵进维管束,韧皮部和木质部破坏变黑;接种72h的病根横切显示,病菌菌丝通过表皮伤口进入外皮层、中皮层薄壁细胞、胞壁崩裂、变黑.本研究目的是为绿巨人生产中的病害防治提供理论依据. Pure cultures of five pathogen isolates from Spathiphyllum varieties, namely, Spathiphyllum pallas, S.lynise, S.sensation, S.golden and S.clevelandii were obtained and used for cross inoculation. The results showed that cross infections by the five isolates occurred on all plant varieties and natural symptom of brown rot appeared. Based on the morphological and pathogenic characteristics of the cultures, all five isolates were identified as being one species: Cylindrocladium spathiphylli Schoulties El-Gholl & Alfieri. The study on biological characteristics demonstrated that the temperatures between 20-26 ℃ were suitable for the growth of pathogen, temperatures of above 34 ℃ or below 15 ℃ were not favorable for the growth; the relative humidity of 90% or above was favorable for the spore germination; the pathogen grew slowly on the medium contain micro-elements of Fe, Mg and K, but grew well under pH 5-9. The histopathological changes of root system and petiole tissue at different time after inoculation exhibited that at 12 h after inoculation,the pathogen entered the hypoderm via wounds or inter-cell space through hyphae; at 24 h,the protoplasm in some epidermal cells became browning and separated from cell wall; at 48 h after inoculation, the diseased area of hypoderma parenchyma cell expanded deeply inward and the cell walls were browning; at 72 h after inoculation,the pathogen invaded vascular tissues and the discoloration and destruction of phloem and xylem occurred. From cross section of root tissues at 72 h after inoculation,the pathogen entered the outer and middle hypoderm parenchyma cells through hyphae and the clumping and blackening of disintegrated cell walls happened. The purpose of this study is to understand and command the biological characteristics and histopathological changes of the pathogen and to provide theoretical basis for the disease control.

关 键 词： 绿巨人 褐腐病菌 生物学特性 病组织 结构变化

领　　域： [农业科学] [农业科学]