作　　者： ; ; ; (蔡为民）;

机构地区： 中国农业大学资源与环境学院

出　　处： 《资源科学》 2004年第5期89-97,共9页

摘　　要： 以1985年、1995年土地利用类型专题图和2003年TM影像作为信息源,结合野外实地调查,应用景观生态学的原理和定量分析方法,对黄河三角洲近20年来农村居民点的景观格局进行了研究,结果表明:　①近20年来农村居民点景观格局发生了很大的变化,总的趋势是农村居民点在规模、数量、占用土地面积上是增加的,在空间分布上则呈现集中、密集的趋势,在形状上没有很大的变化,呈现出形状的不规则发展状态;　②农村居民点景观格局表现出一定的空间差异,农村居民点的规模、数量、分布的密集程度、占用土地多少等,在农业自然条件较好、开发历史悠久的南部山前倾斜平原区均大于农业自然条件较差、开发历史短暂的现代黄河三角洲地区;　③农村居民点景观格局最初与农业自然条件、开发历史密切相关,在其后的变化过程中,较多的受到经济发展、国家政策、人类活动、城市发展等的影响。 Based on the thematic maps of land use type of 1985 and 1995 and TM image of 2003, and by integrating field survey and applying the theory of landscape-ecology and the method of quantitative analysis, the landscape pattern of rural residential area in Yellow River delta in the recent 20 years is analyzed. In the recent 20 years,the class area(CA)of the residential area in Dongying city increase constantly, and the net increase is 1.30×10~4hm^2 which increase by 1.63% from 1985 to 2003;The number of patches(NP) increases from 521 to 980,the largest patch index(LPI) increases one time, from 0.055 in 1985 to 0.106 in 2003, furthermore, the patch size standard deviation(PSSD)increase from 40.04 to 47.23, which illuminate that the difference is increased between the scale of residential area and the average scale. The patch density(PD)take on a increase trend, which was (0.073　9)/km^2 in 1985, 0.114/km^2 in 1995 and reached (0.139　2/km^2) in 2003; The trend of the mean approach distance(MNN)declines, which was (1 002.931 9)m in 1985, (684.938 5)m in 1995 and decline to (503.415 3)m in 2003.On the contrary, the mean approach index(MPI) is increased, it is (4.004　5) in 1985,(15.313 1) in 1995 and (21.070 6) in 2003. The changes of the index above reflect that the distance among residential area decrease a lot, and it takes on convergent trend. The mean shape index(MSI) and the area weighted mean patch fractal dimension(AWMPFD) keep nearly unchanged,which reflect the figure of residential area has not a notable change in Dongying during recent 20 years. The study finds that the landscape pattern of rural residential area has changed a lot during the recent 20 years, the scale, number and acreage of the rural residential area increased, the landscape distribution of rural residential area is centralized and densified, but the landscape shape of rural residential area has no obvious change with a anomalistic developing state existed; The landscape patterns of rural residential area are different among regions

关 键 词： 农村居民点 景观格局 黄河三角洲 景观生态学

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