作　　者： ;

机构地区： 南京师范大学教育科学学院心理学研究所

出　　处： 《心理学报》 2002年第4期431-436,共6页

摘　　要： 在心理学的分裂与整合问题上 ,西方心理学家一直争论不休。该文认为 ,心理学的确存在着分裂的危机 ,因为心理学至今没有一个共同的基础和出发点 ,且心理学的分化导致了心理学机构解体的危机。但是心理学内部各种矛盾冲突的观点是可比的 ,可公约的 ,因此整合是有希望的。在迈向整合的过程中 ,主要存在着两个障碍 ,其一是客观主义 ,客观主义力主以自然科学为楷模 ,通过严格客观方法的应用 ,实现心理学的大一统。客观主义由于压抑了不同的声音 ,阻碍了对话 ,给心理学的整合造成障碍。其二是相对主义 ,相对主义在“怎么都行”原则的指导下 ,认为任何一种理论观点和思想方法相对于它所产生的背景都是正确的、合理的 ,没有任何外在于话语群体的标准作为最终的尺度。相对主义的观点导致了理论观点和思想方法的无原则多元化 ,使得西方心理学分裂危机进一步加深。该文主张心理学的整合应该是在一个共同基础上的多元化的整合 ,即允许多元化和多样性成分的存在 ,但不同成分之间是互补的 。 This paper discussed the unity and disunity of Western psychology. It was argued that the crisis of fragmentation in psychology was an irrefutable fact in that (a) there was not any common ground or a common starting point in psychology hitherto, and (b) different branches of psychology were threatening to break up the discipline of psychology. Psychology could be, however, a unified discipline because the conflicting components in psychology were compatible and commensurable. In approaching towards a unified discipline, there were two major obstacles: objectivism and relativism. Objectivism in psychology was a kind of totalitarianism because it tried to mimic the natural science model and led all psychologists to focus exclusively on objective methods. Objectivism repressed the voice of others and would be harmful to real unification in psychology. While objectivism was characterized as totalitarianism, relativism was more like egalitarianism. Under the guiding principle of 'everything goes', relativism in psychology argued that diversified theories, conflicting ideas and competing communities should be considered as equal because they were all valid relative to the context and the culture from which they emerged. But the truth was that relativism encouraged diversity and pluralism without setting up any common ground and hence resulted in an exacerbation of the fragmentation of psychology. It was suggested that the unification of psychology should allow diversified theories, ideas, opinions and methods to coexist, provided that they were founded on a common ground. Psychology, in the author's opinion, should take systems theory as its guideline in order to be a unified discipline.

关 键 词： 分裂 整合 客观主义 相对主义 西方心理学

领　　域： [哲学宗教]