作　　者： ; ; ;

机构地区： 中国科学院华南植物研究所

出　　处： 《生态学报》 2004年第8期1756-1764,共9页

摘　　要： 恢复生态学起源于 10 0 a前的山地、草原、森林和野生生物等自然资源的管理研究 ,形成于 2 0世纪 80年代。它是研究生态整合性的恢复和管理过程的科学。恢复生态学的研究对象是在自然或人为干扰下形成的偏离自然状态的退化生态系统。生态恢复的目标包括恢复退化生态系统的结构、功能、动态和服务功能 ,其长期目标是通过恢复与保护相结合 ,实现生态系统的可持续发展。恢复生态学的理论与方法较多 ,它们均源于生态学等相关学科 ,但自我设计和人为设计是唯一源于恢复生态学研究和实践的理论。由于生态系统的复杂性 ,退化生态系统恢复的方向和时间具有不确定性 ,其恢复的机理可用临界阈值理论和状态跃迁模型进行解释。中国森林恢复中存在的问题包括 :大量营造种类和结构单一的人工林忽视了生物多样性在生态恢复中的作用 ;大量使用外来种 ;忽视了生态系统健康所要求的异质性 ;忽略了物种间的生态交互作用 ;造林时对珍稀濒危种需要缺乏考虑 ;城镇绿化忽略了植被的生态功能等问题。此外 ,还介绍了生态恢复的方法、成功恢复的标准 ,并提出了恢复生态学的发展趋势 :恢复生态学尚未形成理论和方法体系 ,要成熟还有很长的路要走 ;恢复生态学正在强调自然恢复与社会、人文的耦合 ;对森林恢复研究要集中在恢复中的障? The ideas of restoring biotic communities originated 100 years ago from studies of degraded ecosystems and natural resource management practices. Restoration ecology has been established as a discipline since 1980s and is broadly defined as the study of restoring and managing ecological integrity. Ecological integrity includes biodiversity, ecological pattern and process, regional and historical context, and social practices for sustainability. Restoration ecology focuses on ecosystems that are driven away from their “normal” states by natural or anthropogenic disturbances. The objective of ecological restoration is to reconstruct the structure, function, dynamics and services, and its long-term goal is to achieve ecological sustainability through restoration and protection measures. Because of the complexity of ecological processes, the direction and time required for restoration of a particular ecosystem is hardly deterministic. The general process of ecological restoration, however, may be explained by the critical threshold theory, and state and transition model from successional perspective. Several problems have been pointed out in this article on forest restoration in China: a great deal of the established artificial forests with mono-species result in lacking of biodiversity and stableness; non-native species have been widely imported and planted; features required by healthy ecosystem such as heterogeneity are ignored; the mutual biotic interaction among different species are ignored; rare and endangered species of climax are seldom been considered in forestation; ecological function of vegetation is neglected in town virescence and landscape. In addition, the method of restoration ecology and the criteria of successful restoration as well as the future developments in the field of restoration ecology have been introduced in this review. Theories and methodologies of restoration ecology are still at their early stage and takes time to develop. Restoration ecology is focusing on the integration

关 键 词： 退化生态系统 恢复生态学 生物多样性

领　　域： [生物学]