作　　者： ; ; ; ;

机构地区： 哈尔滨工业大学

出　　处： 《实验力学》 2004年第2期229-235,共7页

摘　　要： 微流星体及空间碎片的高速撞击威胁着航天器的安全运行。而压力容器是航天器上受微流星体及空间碎片撞击威胁最大的关键部件之一。对压力容器的高速撞击能导致其发生破裂而过早终止航天器的使命。本文的目的是通过实验研究,确定高速撞击条件下压力容器发生具有撕裂的简单穿孔和裂纹失稳破裂的界限。实验样件选择6063铝合金管焊接制成。高速撞击实验采用铝柱状弹丸和球形弹丸在3km/s左右的速度下正撞击铝压力容器,铝压力容器的压力从0～30Bar变化来探索获得不同损伤形式的压力条件。给出了铝压力容器前、后壁从穿孔到裂纹失稳破裂的实验结果。未防护充水铝压力容器的主要损伤是其前壁的裂纹失稳破裂。而防护充水铝压力容器在前璧未穿孔时未发生破裂。未防护充气压力容器在给定的实验条件下前璧未发生破裂而后璧发生破裂。防护充气压力容器在小防护间距时前璧发生破裂。 High-velocity impact of meteoroids and space debris threatens safety operations of spacecrafts. Pressure Vessel is the most critical components threatened by meteoroids and space debris high-velocity impact onboard spacecrafts. High velocity impacts on pressure vessels can indeed lead to the catastrophic failure of the vessels and terminate prematurely spacecraft missions. The aim of the present work is to determine experimentally the limits for simple perforation and catastrophic burst of pressure vessels under high-velocity impacts. The test samples were made of welded 6063 aluminum tubes. High-velocity impact tests were performed at a constant impact velocity 3km/s with aluminum projectiles at a normal trajectory. Pressure in the aluminum vessels were varied from 0~30 Bar to explore the pressure condition of different damage. The results show the range from simple perforation with crack to bursting at the front and back wall. The damage of un-shield water-filled aluminum vessels is front wall catastrophic burst. The shield water-filled vessels don′t failure without front wall perforation. Un-shield gas-filled vessels have the back wall burst with front wall perforation under the test condition. The shield gas-filled vessels have front wall burst with small spacing.

关 键 词： 航天器 空间碎片 高速撞击 压力容器 微流星体

领　　域： [航空宇航科学与技术] [航空宇航科学技术]