作　　者： ;

机构地区： 华南理工大学天然气利用研究中心

出　　处： 《中外能源》 2012年第8期19-23,共5页

摘　　要： 为保障我国"十二五"的经济发展并满足节能减排的要求,需要快速拓展天然气市场。然而与世界发达国家相比,由于经济发展程度不同以及货币汇率差等原因,导致中国天然气各类下游市场用户对天然气价格的承受能力不同,上网电价和天然气价格倒挂成为天然气市场拓展的主要制约因素。掌控中国天然气上、中游的供气价格,首先要尽可能快速增加国产天然气、特别是非常规天然气的产量,以较低的价格对冲较高的进口气价;同时要掌控基于门站价的下游用户终端气价,这就需要尽可能减少从门站到终端用户的下游供气成本,而其关键在于降低交易成本。目前中国天然气下游市场存在许多亟待解决的问题,鉴于此,建议要明确各省"门站"和省天然气"门站价"的定义;"省内管网"应是省内国家主干管网与在其基础上"完善和延伸管线"的总和;省管网公司不应是一级交易平台,而是一个管理机构;规范城市燃气公司特许经营权范围,"终端大用户"和城市燃气管网终端用户适用不同的天然气价格;按照市场机制理顺天然气下游不同用户价格。如此就有可能使占下游市场份额60%的大用户市场快速开拓。 In order to ensure economic growth and meet the requirements for saving energy and reducing emissions during the Twelfth Five Year Plan period,China needs to quickly expand its natural gas market.Compared with developed countries,however,due to a combination of factors such as the difference in the degree of economic development as well as monetary exchange rate,natural gas consumers in various downstream markets in China have different affordability of natural gas prices.The price inversion between on-grid power tariff and natural gas price has become a major roadblock to the further expansion of the natural gas market.To bring gas supply prices in the upstream and midstream sectors under control,China must quickly raise its production of natural gas,particularly unconventional natural gas,and use relatively cheap prices to offset high prices of imported natural gas.China should also control the city gate price-based natural gas prices for end users.To achieve this objective,China has to reduce the costs of supplying gas to downstream sectors from city gates to end users and the key is to reducing transaction costs.Many problems require immediate attention in domestic downstream natural gas markets.According to this article,China should clearly define provincial city gate and provincial city gate price for natural gas.In-province pipeline network should include both national trunk pipelines and their branch lines and extensions in a province.A provincial pipeline network company should not work as a transaction platform but an administration.Other measures recommended by the article include defining the scope of franchise for urban gas companies,offering different gas prices for large end users and the end users of urban gas pipeline networks,and working out differentiated pricing methods for different downstream users based on market mechanism.These measures are expected to result in a rapid expansion of the large user segment,which represents 60% of the entire downstream market.

关 键 词： 天然气 上网电价 气价 下游市场 交易成本 终端大用户

领　　域： [经济管理]